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The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
People with schizophrenia are commonly exploited and victimized by violent crime as part of a broader dynamic of social exclusion. [25] [26] People diagnosed with schizophrenia are also subject to forced drug injections, seclusion, and restraint at high rates. [31] [32] The risk of violence by people with schizophrenia is small.
The causes of schizophrenia are not well understood, but numerous abnormalities of brain structure have been reported. The most thoroughly investigated alterations involve the cerebral cortex, but effects on the hippocampus have also been described. Many reports have found reductions in the size of the hippocampus in people with schizophrenia.
Recent studies have used fMRI to explore specific brain networks, such as the salience network and default mode network, to understand their roles in schizophrenia-related symptoms. Alterations in these networks may affect self-referential thoughts and responses to external stimuli, potentially contributing to symptoms like hallucinations and ...
People with Schizophrenia appear to have a high rate of self-medication with nicotine; the therapeutic effect likely occurs through dopamine modulation by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. However, there was controversy and conflicting findings over whether postmortem findings resulted from drug tolerance to chronic antipsychotic treatment.
CBT is used to treat both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. [5] Families of the affected also benefit from this treatment, as they can sit on sessions and talk to the therapist as well. [15] [16] Other type of therapy that can be helpful for people with bipolar disorder and schizophrenia include family therapy, psycho-education, and support ...
A large interest in sensory gating research is directed at improving deficits among people diagnosed with schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia often have deficits in gating the neuronal response of the P50 wave, which is why P50 is the most widespread method of diagnosis. The test is conducted through having the patients hear two uniform ...
Schizophrenia typically develops between the ages of 16–30 (generally males aged 16–25 years and females 25–30 years); about 75 percent of people living with the illness developed it in these age-ranges. Childhood schizophrenia (very early onset schizophrenia) develops before the age of 13 years and is quite rare.