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Magnesium stearate is the chemical compound with the formula Mg(C 18 H 35 O 2) 2. It is a soap, consisting of salt containing two equivalents of stearate (the anion of stearic acid) and one magnesium cation (Mg 2+). Magnesium stearate is a white, water-insoluble powder. Its applications exploit its softness, insolubility in many solvents, and ...
Stearate soap, such as sodium stearate, could be made from stearic acid but instead are usually produced by saponification of stearic acid-containing triglycerides. Esters of stearic acid with ethylene glycol (glycol stearate and glycol distearate) are used to produce a pearly effect in shampoos, soaps, and other cosmetic products. [9]
Calcium stearate is produced by heating stearic acid and calcium oxide: 2 C 17 H 35 COOH + CaO → (C 17 H 35 COO) 2 Ca + H 2 O. It is also the main component of soap scum, a white solid that forms when soap is mixed with hard water. Unlike soaps containing sodium and potassium, calcium stearate is insoluble in water and does not lather well. [2]
Magnesium stearate is the most commonly used emulsifier, binder, thickener, or lubricant. It can be derived from animal- or plant-sourced stearic acid, [29] although it is most commonly sourced from cottonseed oil or palm oil. [30] Sodium tallowate is a common soap ingredient derived from tallow—the fat of animals such as cattle and sheep. [31]
Magnesium taurate is made of magnesium and taurine (an amino acid). This form of magnesium is taken orally and may help “to promote healthy blood glucose levels ,” White says.
The most widely used anticaking agents include the stearates of calcium and magnesium, silica and various silicates, talc, as well as flour and starch. Ferrocyanides are used for table salt. [ 1 ] The following anticaking agents are listed in order by their number in the Codex Alimentarius by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN.
Common minerals like talc or silica, and fats, e.g. vegetable stearin, magnesium stearate or stearic acid are the most frequently used lubricants in tablets or hard gelatin capsules. Lubricants are agents added in small quantities to tablet and capsule formulations to improve certain processing characteristics.
The reaction of fatty acids with base is the other main method of saponification. In this case, the reaction involves neutralization of the carboxylic acid. The neutralization method is used to produce industrial soaps such as those derived from magnesium, the transition metals, and aluminium.
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