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Language functions such as grammar, vocabulary and literal meaning are typically lateralized to the left hemisphere, especially in right-handed individuals. [7] While language production is left-lateralized in up to 90% of right-handers, it is more bilateral, or even right-lateralized, in approximately 50% of left-handers. [8]
In neuroscience and psychology, the term language center refers collectively to the areas of the brain which serve a particular function for speech processing and production. [1] Language is a core system that gives humans the capacity to solve difficult problems and provides them with a unique type of social interaction . [ 2 ]
Some people may use the right hemisphere for language, and isolated damage of Wernicke's area cortex (sparing white matter and other areas) may not cause severe receptive aphasia. [5] [23] Even when patients with Wernicke's area lesions have comprehension deficits, these are usually not restricted to language processing alone.
There are obvious patterns for utilizing and processing language. In sign language, Broca’s area is activated while processing sign language employs Wernicke’s area similar to that of spoken language. [205] There have been other hypotheses about the lateralization of the two hemispheres.
Broca's area, or the Broca area (/ ˈ b r oʊ k ə /, [1] [2] [3] also UK: / ˈ b r ɒ k ə /, US: / ˈ b r oʊ k ɑː / [4]), is a region in the frontal lobe of the dominant hemisphere, usually the left, of the brain [5] with functions linked to speech production.
The temporal lobe is located beneath the lateral fissure on both cerebral hemispheres of the mammalian brain. [3] The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input into derived meanings for the appropriate retention of visual memory, language comprehension, and emotion association. [4]: 21 Temporal refers to the head's temples.
Neuroscience of multilingualism is the study of multilingualism within the field of neurology.These studies include the representation of different language systems in the brain, the effects of multilingualism on the brain's structural plasticity, aphasia in multilingual individuals, and bimodal bilinguals (people who can speak at least one sign language and at least one oral language).
In response to this, the right hemisphere and posterior parietal cortex compensate to undertake language processing tasks, resulting in inefficiencies in language processing. [2] This compensatory activity in other areas of the brain may explain the variability in the degree of impairment experienced by dyslexic individuals. [3]