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The branchial system is typically used for respiration and/or feeding. Many fish have modified posterior gill arches into pharyngeal jaws, often equipped with specialized pharyngeal teeth for handling particular prey items (long, sharp teeth in carnivorous moray eels compared to broad, crushing teeth in durophagous black carp).
The first and second arches disappear early. A remnant of the 1st arch forms part of the maxillary artery, [3] a branch of the external carotid artery. The ventral end of the second develops into the ascending pharyngeal artery, and its dorsal end gives origin to the stapedial artery, [3] a vessel which typically atrophies in humans [4] [5] but persists in some mammals.
The nerve of the arch itself runs along the cranial side of the arch and is called post-trematic nerve of the arch. Each arch also receives a branch from the nerve of the succeeding arch called the pre-trematic nerve which runs along the caudal border of the arch. In human embryo, a double innervation is seen only in the first pharyngeal arch.
superior parathyroid glands and ultimobranchial body which forms the parafollicular C-Cells of the thyroid gland. Musculature and cartilage of larynx (along with the sixth pharyngeal arch). Nerve supplying these derivatives is Superior laryngeal nerve.
The third pharyngeal arch is innervated by glossopharyngeal nerve. It molds the stylopharyngeus muscle and forms the skeletal structures of the greater horn and lower portion of body hyoid bone. [5] The fourth and sixth arches are innervated by the vagus cranial nerve. Both arches will fuse to form the laryngeal cartilages.
Originally it was the lower of two cartilages which supported the first branchial arch in early fish. Then it grew longer and stronger, and acquired muscles capable of closing the developing jaw. [1] In early fish and in chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fish such as sharks), Meckel's cartilage continued to be the main component of the lower jaw.
Branchial may refer to: Branchial apparatus, an embryological structure. Branchial arch a series of bony "loops" present in fish, which support the gills. Branchial artery, also known as aortic arches. Branchial cleft; Branchial cleft cyst, failure of obliteration of the second branchial cleft in embryonic development.
Apert syndrome is a form of acrocephalosyndactyly, a congenital disorder characterized by malformations of the skull, face, hands and feet. It is classified as a branchial arch syndrome, affecting the first branchial (or pharyngeal) arch, the precursor of the maxilla and mandible.