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  2. Arithmetic coding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_coding

    With this grouping, Huffman coding averages 1.3 bits for every three symbols, or 0.433 bits per symbol, compared with one bit per symbol in the original encoding, i.e., % compression. Allowing arbitrarily large sequences gets arbitrarily close to entropy – just like arithmetic coding – but requires huge codes to do so, so is not as ...

  3. Algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithm

    Flowchart of using successive subtractions to find the greatest common divisor of number r and s. In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ ˈ æ l ɡ ə r ɪ ð əm / ⓘ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve a class of specific problems or to perform a computation. [1]

  4. Equals sign - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equals_sign

    A well-known equality featuring the equal sign. The equals sign (British English) or equal sign (American English), also known as the equality sign, is the mathematical symbol =, which is used to indicate equality in some well-defined sense. [1]

  5. FLAGS register - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLAGS_register

    PUSHFQ/POPFQ (introduced with the x86-64 architecture) transfer the 64-bit quadword register RFLAGS. In 64-bit mode, PUSHF/POPF and PUSHFQ/POPFQ are available but PUSHFD/POPFD are not. [8]: 4–349, 4–432 The lower 8 bits of the FLAGS register is also open to direct load/store manipulation by SAHF and LAHF (load/store AH into flags).

  6. Letter frequency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Letter_frequency

    The California Job Case was a compartmentalized box for printing in the 19th century, sizes corresponding to the commonality of letters. The frequency of letters in text has been studied for use in cryptanalysis, and frequency analysis in particular, dating back to the Arab mathematician al-Kindi (c. AD 801–873 ), who formally developed the method (the ciphers breakable by this technique go ...

  7. Archimedes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes

    Archimedes gives the value of the square root of 3 as lying between ⁠ 265 / 153 ⁠ (approximately 1.7320261) and ⁠ 1351 / 780 ⁠ (approximately 1.7320512) in Measurement of a Circle. The actual value is approximately 1.7320508, making this a very accurate estimate. He introduced this result without offering any explanation of how he had ...

  8. List of the most distant astronomical objects - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_most_distant...

    z = 6.2 ± 0.1 (12.9 G ly) Most distant individual star detected (March, 2022). [83] [84] Previous records include SDSS J1229+1122 [85] and MACS J1149 Lensed Star 1. [86] Star cluster: The Sparkler: z = 1.378 (13.9 G ly) Galaxy with globular clusters gravitationally lensed in SMACS J0723.3-7327 [87] System of star clusters X-ray jet PJ352–15 ...

  9. Box office - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Box_office

    Box office at the Ohio Theatre in Columbus, Ohio Folk festival box office in Edmonton, Alberta Ticket window at North Port High School Performing Arts Center. A box office or ticket office is a place where tickets are sold to the public for admission to an event.