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1-Phenylpiperazine (1-PP or PP) is a simple chemical compound and drug featuring a phenyl group bound to a piperazine ring. [1] The suffix ‘-piprazole’ is sometimes used in the names of drugs to indicate they belong to this class. [2] It is a rigid analogue of amphetamine.
Two common salts in the form of which piperazine is usually prepared for pharmaceutical or veterinary purposes are the citrate, 3C 4 H 10 N 2 ·2C 6 H 8 O 7 (i.e. containing 3 molecules of piperazine to 2 molecules of citric acid), and the adipate, C 4 H 10 N 2 ·C 6 H 10 O 4 (containing 1 molecule each of piperazine and adipic acid).
It is both a precursor in the synthesis of aripiprazole and one of its metabolites. [1] [2] It is unclear whether 2,3-DCPP is pharmacologically active as a serotonin receptor agonist similar to its close analogue 3-chlorophenylpiperazine (mCPP), though it has been shown to act as a partial agonist of the dopamine D 2 and D 3 receptors. [3]
It acts as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug with similar efficacy to naproxen, [2] but is not widely used as it has largely been replaced by newer drugs. Synthesis [ edit ]
N-Methylpiperazine is a common building block used in organic synthesis. [2] For example, N-methylpiperazine is used in the manufacture of various pharmaceutical drugs including cyclizine, [3] meclizine, and sildenafil. The lithium salt, lithium N-methylpiperazide, is used as a reagent in organic synthesis for protection of aryl aldehydes. [4]
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It is the parent of a large class of 2,5-Diketopiperazines (2,5-DKPs) with the formula (NHCH 2 (R)C(O)) 2 (R = H, CH 3, etc.). They are ubiquitous peptide in nature. They are often found in fermentation broths and yeast cultures as well as embedded in larger more complex architectures in a variety of natural products as well as several drugs. [ 2 ]
ortho-Methylphenylpiperazine (also known as oMPP, oMePP, 1-(2-methylphenyl)piperazine, 2-MPP, and 2-MePP) is a psychoactive designer drug of the phenylpiperazine group. [1] [2] It acts as a serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine releasing agent (SNDRA), with EC 50 values for induction of monoamine release of 175 nM for serotonin, 39.1 nM for norepinephrine, and 296–542 nM for dopamine.