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Reactive airway disease (RAD) is an informal label that physicians apply to patients with symptoms similar to those of asthma. [1] An exact definition of the condition does not exist. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Individuals who are typically labeled as having RAD generally have a history of wheezing, coughing, dyspnea , and production of sputum that may or may ...
Restrictive lung disease is characterized by reduced lung volumes, and therefore reduced lung compliance, either due to an intrinsic reason, for example a change in the lung parenchyma, or due to an extrinsic reason, for example diseases of the chest wall, pleura, or respiratory muscles. [3]
Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction can be difficult to diagnose clinically given the lack of specific symptoms [2] and frequent misinterpretation as manifestations of vigorous exercise. There are many mimics that present with similar symptoms, such as vocal cord dysfunction, cardiac arrhythmias, cardiomyopathies, and gastroesophageal reflux ...
Asthma, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are all obstructive lung diseases characterised by airway obstruction. This limits the amount of air that is able to enter alveoli because of constriction of the bronchial tree, due to inflammation.
Unlike those with sensitizer-induced occupational asthma, subjects with irritant-induced occupational asthma do not develop work-related asthma symptoms after re-exposure to low concentrations of the irritant that initiated the symptoms. [2] Reactive airways dysfunction syndrome (RADS) is a severe form of irritant induced asthma where ...
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness is a hallmark of asthma but also occurs frequently in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). [2] In the Lung Health Study, bronchial hyperresponsiveness was present in approximately two-thirds of patients with non-severe COPD, and this predicted lung function decline independently of other ...
It is the sum of changes that occur in the airways of some asthmatic people compared to people without the disease. [1] [2] Asthma is characterised, in part, by recurrent episodes of reversible airway obstruction; however, in some patients, a degree of irreversible airway obstruction develops over time, leading to lung function decline and ...
The fundamental problem in asthma appears to be immunological: young children in the early stages of asthma show signs of excessive inflammation in their airways. Epidemiological findings give clues as to the pathogenesis : the incidence of asthma seems to be increasing worldwide, and asthma is now very much more common in affluent countries.