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Non-plaque-induced gingival disease is an inflammation of the gingiva that does not result from dental plaque, but from other gingival diseases caused by bacterial, viral, fungal, or genetic sources. Although this gingival disease is less common than those which are plaque-induced, it can have a serious impact on the patient's overall health.
The most common bacteria that causes mouth infections are Streptococcus species. [8] Poor dental hygiene promotes the accumulation of these bacteria at the tooth root, eventually causing a cavity or dental caries. The decaying tooth root provides bacteria with an enclosed environment with low oxygen content.
The disease is most common in Latin American countries, countries in the Middle East, and South Asia, and least prevalent in China. [149] In the United States, dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease, being at least five times more common than asthma. [150] It is the primary pathological cause of tooth loss in children. [151]
Periodontitis is very common, and is widely regarded as the second most common dental disease worldwide, after dental decay, and in the United States has a prevalence of 30–50% of the population, but only about 10% have severe forms. Chronic periodontitis affects about 750 million people or about 10.8% of the world population as of 2010. [86]
While a single excess tooth is relatively common, multiple hyperdontia is rare in people with no other associated diseases or syndromes. [4] Many supernumerary teeth never erupt, but they may delay eruption of nearby teeth or cause other dental or orthodontic problems. [5] [6] Molar-type extra teeth are the most common type. Dental X-rays are ...
In the generalized form, all teeth are involved. In the localized form, only a few teeth are involved. The most common teeth affected are the upper lateral incisors and third molars. Teeth affected by microdontia may also have abnormal shape, and the abnormal size may affect the whole tooth, or only a part of the tooth. [1]
Gingivitis is a non-destructive disease that causes inflammation of the gums; [1] ulitis is an alternative term. [2] The most common form of gingivitis, and the most common form of periodontal disease overall, is in response to bacterial biofilms (also called plaque) that are attached to tooth surfaces, termed plaque-induced gingivitis.
Dental fluorosis is a common [2] disorder, characterized by hypomineralization of tooth enamel caused by ingestion of excessive fluoride during enamel formation. [ 3 ] [ needs update ] It appears as a range of visual changes in enamel [ 4 ] causing degrees of intrinsic tooth discoloration , and, in some cases, physical damage to the teeth.
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