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Kautsky pleaded with Lenin against using violence as a form of terrorism because it was indiscriminate, intended to frighten the civilian population and included the taking and executing hostages: "Among the phenomena for which Bolshevism has been responsible, terrorism, which begins with the abolition of every form of freedom of the Press, and ...
While Lenin was absent, of 5 September 1918 Sovnarkom passed a decree, "On Red Terror", which Lenin later endorsed. [185] This decree called for perceived class enemies of the proletariat to be isolated in concentration camps , and for those aiding the White Armies or rebellions to be shot; it decreed that the names of those executed should ...
[7] [8] [9] The terrorism was seen by Soviet leadership as the only way to reduce the imbalance between USSR military and economical power against the Western world. According to Ion Mihai Pacepa , KGB General Aleksandr Sakharovsky once said: "In today's world, when nuclear arms have made military force obsolete, terrorism should become our ...
At the direction of Vladimir Lenin, the Cheka performed mass arrests, imprisonments, torture, and executions without trial in what came to be known as the "Red Terror". It policed the Gulag system of labor camps , conducted requisitions of food , and put down rebellions by workers and peasants.
He was willing to use military force to ensure this unity, resulting in armed incursions into the independent states that formed in Ukraine, Georgia, Poland, Finland, and the Baltic states. [458] Only when its conflicts with Finland, the Baltic states, and Poland proved unsuccessful did Lenin's government officially recognise their independence ...
Not all scholars agree on Lenin's position towards terrorism. Joan Witte contends that he opposed the practice except when it was wielded by the party and the Red Army after 1917. [24] She also suggests that he opposed the use of terrorism as a mindless act but endorsed its use in order to advance the communist revolution. [24]
Lenin was late for the opening of the plenum of the party committee, and did not suffer in any way. During the terrorist act, the Chairman of the Party Committee Vladimir Zagorsky and 11 other people were killed, while Nikolai Bukharin , Yemelyan Yaroslavsky , and a number of other prominent Bolshevik leaders, a total of 55 people, were wounded ...
Revolutionary terror, also referred to as revolutionary terrorism or reign of terror, [1] refers to the institutionalized application of force to counter-revolutionaries, particularly during the French Revolution from the years 1793 to 1795 (see the Reign of Terror).