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Such remodeling is principally carried out by 1) covalent histone modifications by specific enzymes, e.g., histone acetyltransferases (HATs), deacetylases, methyltransferases, and kinases, and 2) ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes which either move, eject or restructure nucleosomes. [1]
In molecular biology, SWI/SNF (SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable), [1] [2] is a subfamily of ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, which is found in eukaryotes.In other words, it is a group of proteins that associate to remodel the way DNA is packaged.
Nucleosome Remodeling Factor (NURF) is an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) that catalyzes nucleosome sliding in order to regulate gene transcription. It contains an ISWI ATPase, making it part of the ISWI family of chromatin remodeling complexes. NURF is highly conserved among ...
The Tr mechanism of DNA translocation is conserved by all ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers; two RecA-like lobes are mechanistically responsible for translocating the DNA. [3] After binding two helical turns away from a nucleosome, the complex causes the shifting of the aforementioned nucleosome upstream one-two base pairs.
RSC (Remodeling the Structure of Chromatin) is a member of the ATP-dependent chromatin remodeler family. The activity of the RSC complex allows for chromatin to be remodeled by altering the structure of the nucleosome. [1] There are four subfamilies of chromatin remodelers: SWI/SNF, INO80, ISW1, and CHD. [2]
In the field of molecular biology, the Mi-2/NuRD (Nucleosome Remodeling Deacetylase) complex, is a group of associated proteins with both ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling and histone deacetylase activities.
The encoded protein is part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF, which is required for transcriptional activation of genes normally repressed by chromatin. In addition, this protein can bind BRCA1 , as well as regulate the expression of the tumorigenic protein CD44 .
ISWI remodeling complexes place nucleosomes along segments of DNA at regular intervals. The placement of nucleosomes by ISWI protein complexes typically results in the silencing of the DNA because the nucleosome placement prevents transcription of the DNA. [2] ISWI, like the closely related SWI/SNF subfamily, is an ATP-dependent chromatin ...