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A political science model based on rational choice used to explain why citizens do or do not vote. The alternative equation is V = pB + D > C. Where for voting to occur the (P)robability the vote will matter "times" the (B)enefit of one candidate winning over another combined with the feeling of civic (D)uty, must be greater than the (C)ost of ...
Now suppose we send in the two extra voters. The probability that they change an incorrect majority to a correct majority is (1-p)p 2, while the probability that they change a correct majority to an incorrect majority is p(1-p) 2. The first of these probabilities is greater than the second if and only if p > 1/2, proving the theorem.
In mathematics and fair division, apportionment problems involve dividing (apportioning) a whole number of identical goods fairly across several parties with real-valued entitlements. The original, and best-known, example of an apportionment problem involves distributing seats in a legislature between different federal states or political ...
Say there are p parties and s seats. Then a grid of numbers can be created, with p rows and s columns, where the entry in the i th row and j th column is the number of votes won by the i th party, divided by j. The s winning entries are the s highest numbers in the whole grid; each party is given as many seats as there are winning entries in ...
The single transferable vote (STV) or proportional-ranked choice voting (P-RCV) [a] is a multi-winner electoral system in which each voter casts a single vote in the form of a ranked ballot. Voters have the option to rank candidates, and their vote may be transferred according to alternative preferences if their preferred candidate is ...
A percentage point or percent point is the unit for the arithmetic difference between two percentages.For example, moving up from 40 percent to 44 percent is an increase of 4 percentage points (although it is a 10-percent increase in the quantity being measured, if the total amount remains the same). [1]
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An alternative formula was proposed by Grigorii Golosov in 2010. [9]= = + which is equivalent – if we only consider parties with at least one vote/seat – to = = + (/) Here, n is the number of parties, the square of each party's proportion of all votes or seats, and is the square of the largest party's proportion of all votes or seats.