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The Volkswagen air-cooled engine is an air-cooled, gasoline-fuelled, boxer engine with four horizontally opposed cast-iron cylinders, cast aluminum alloy cylinder heads and pistons, magnesium-alloy crankcase, and forged steel crankshaft and connecting rods.
Other possible explanations have focused on corrosion in the cooling system, and the use of phosphated coolant. The switch to water-cooling for the boxer engines was made mid-1982, because Volkswagen could no longer make the air-cooled engines meet emissions standards. The wasserboxer engine was only used in the Volkswagen Type 2 (T3). [1]
The Type 3 emulated major features of the Type 1 Beetle, using a low-profile version of Volkswagen's rear-engined, 4-cylinder air-cooled engine, as well as body-on-chassis construction (the body bolts to a frame that includes the floor pan), [4] retaining the same wheelbase – but using more contemporary and slab-sided Ponton styling, in contrast to the Type 1's articulated fenders and ...
The Volkswagen Beetle, officially the Volkswagen Type 1, [a] is a small family car produced by the German company Volkswagen from 1938 to 2003. [ b ] One of the most iconic cars in automotive history, the Beetle is noted for its distinctive shape.
Finally, a rear-mounted engine has empty air (often at a lower pressure) behind it when moving, allowing more efficient cooling for air-cooled vehicles (more of which have been RR than liquid-cooled, such as the Volkswagen Beetle, and one of the few production air-cooled turbocharged cars, the Porsche 930).
The longest production flat-four engine is the Volkswagen air-cooled engine, which was produced from 1938 until 2006 and was most famously used in the rear-engined 1938–2003 Volkswagen Beetle and 1950–1983 Volkswagen Transporter. [11]
Fuel system: Carburetor or electronic fuel injection: Management: Bosch Motronic or Siemens Simos electronic engine control unit (ECU) Fuel type: Petrol: Oil system: Wet sump: Cooling system: Water-cooled: Output; Power output: 40–155 kW (54–211 PS; 54–208 bhp) Torque output: 144–280 N⋅m (106–207 lb⋅ft) Dimensions; Dry weight ...
Most modern internal combustion engines are cooled by a closed circuit carrying liquid coolant through channels in the engine block and cylinder head. A fluid in these channels absorbs heat and then flows to a heat exchanger or radiator where the coolant releases heat into the air (or raw water, in the case of marine engines).