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In the Staedel–Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis (1876), 2-chloroacetophenone is reacted with ammonia to the amino ketone, then condensed and then oxidized to a pyrazine. [5] A variation is the Gutknecht pyrazine synthesis (1879) also based on this selfcondensation , but differing in the way the alpha-ketoamine is synthesised.
Two common salts in the form of which piperazine is usually prepared for pharmaceutical or veterinary purposes are the citrate, 3C 4 H 10 N 2 ·2C 6 H 8 O 7 (i.e. containing 3 molecules of piperazine to 2 molecules of citric acid), and the adipate, C 4 H 10 N 2 ·C 6 H 10 O 4 (containing 1 molecule each of piperazine and adipic acid).
1-Phenylpiperazine (1-PP or PP) is a simple chemical compound and drug featuring a phenyl group bound to a piperazine ring. [1] The suffix ‘-piprazole’ is sometimes used in the names of drugs to indicate they belong to this class. [2] It is a rigid analogue of amphetamine.
The (S)-enantiomers in this series are more active as opioid agonists, but the less active (R)-enantiomer of this compound, AD-1211, is a mixed agonist–antagonist at opioid receptors with a similar pharmacological profile to pentazocine, [1] and has atypical opioid effects with little development of tolerance or dependence seen after extended ...
A key use of AEP is as an epoxy curing agent. [4] When used as an epoxy resin curing agent, it is usually used in conjunction with other amines as an accelerator as it only has 3 amine hydrogens for cross-linking. The tertiary amine on the molecule acts as an accelerator and the other three amine hydrogens allow sites for crosslinking the epoxy ...
Substituted piperazines are a class of chemical compounds based on a piperazine core. [1] Some are used as recreational drugs and some are used in scientific research . [ 2 ]
Hydroxyzine works by blocking the effects of histamine. [9] It is a first-generation antihistamine in the piperazine family of chemicals. [8] [4] Common side effects include sleepiness, headache, and dry mouth. [8] [9] Serious side effects may include QT prolongation. [9] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [8]
para-Fluorophenylpiperazine (pFPP, 4-FPP, 4-Fluorophenylpiperazine; Fluoperazine, Flipiperazine) is a piperazine derivative with mildly psychedelic and euphoriant effects. [2] [3] It has been sold as an ingredient in legal recreational drugs known as "Party pills", initially in New Zealand and subsequently in other countries around the world. [4]