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  2. Ellipsoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsoid

    An ellipsoid is a surface that can be obtained from a sphere by deforming it by means of directional scalings, or more generally, of an affine transformation. An ellipsoid is a quadric surface; that is, a surface that may be defined as the zero set of a polynomial of degree two in three variables. Among quadric surfaces, an ellipsoid is ...

  3. Vincenty's formulae - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenty's_formulae

    Vincenty's goal was to express existing algorithms for geodesics on an ellipsoid in a form that minimized the program length (Vincenty 1975a). His unpublished report (1975b) mentions the use of a Wang 720 desk calculator, which had only a few kilobytes of memory.

  4. Geodesics on an ellipsoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodesics_on_an_ellipsoid

    The day before yesterday, I reduced to quadrature the problem of geodesic lines on an ellipsoid with three unequal axes. They are the simplest formulas in the world, Abelian integrals, which become the well known elliptic integrals if 2 axes are set equal. Königsberg, 28th Dec. '38. The solution given by Jacobi (Jacobi 1839) (Jacobi 1866, §28) is

  5. Earth ellipsoid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_ellipsoid

    While the mean Earth ellipsoid is the ideal basis of global geodesy, for regional networks a so-called reference ellipsoid may be the better choice. [1] When geodetic measurements have to be computed on a mathematical reference surface, this surface should have a similar curvature as the regional geoid; otherwise, reduction of the measurements ...

  6. Spheroid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spheroid

    If the ellipse is rotated about its major axis, the result is a prolate spheroid, elongated like a rugby ball. The American football is similar but has a pointier end than a spheroid could. If the ellipse is rotated about its minor axis, the result is an oblate spheroid, flattened like a lentil or a plain M&M.

  7. List of formulas in elementary geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_formulas_in...

    Perimeter#Formulas – Path that surrounds an area; List of second moments of area; List of surface-area-to-volume ratios – Surface area per unit volume; List of surface area formulas – Measure of a two-dimensional surface; List of trigonometric identities; List of volume formulas – Quantity of three-dimensional space

  8. Ellipse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipse

    An ellipse (red) obtained as the intersection of a cone with an inclined plane. Ellipse: notations Ellipses: examples with increasing eccentricity. In mathematics, an ellipse is a plane curve surrounding two focal points, such that for all points on the curve, the sum of the two distances to the focal points is a constant.

  9. Ellipsoidal coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipsoidal_coordinates

    An alternative parametrization exists that closely follows the angular parametrization of spherical coordinates: [1] = ⁡ ⁡, = ⁡ ⁡, = ⁡. Here, > parametrizes the concentric ellipsoids around the origin and [,] and [,] are the usual polar and azimuthal angles of spherical coordinates, respectively.