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Aquatic insects consume the stored air while under water or use it to regulate buoyancy. During a molt, air sacs fill and enlarge as the insect breaks free of the old exoskeleton and expands a new one. Between molts, the air sacs provide room for new growth—shrinking in volume as they are compressed by expansion of internal organs.
Aquatic arthropods generally possess some form of gills in which gas exchange takes place by diffusing through the exoskeleton. Others may breathe atmospheric air while remaining submerged, via breathing tubes or trapped air bubbles, though some aquatic insects may remain submerged indefinitely and respire using a plastron. A number of insects ...
Paired, mobile, and segmented, they are located between the eyes on the forehead. Embryologically, they represent the appendages of the second head segment. [8] All insects have antennae, however they may be greatly reduced in the larval forms. Amongst the non-insect classes of the Hexapoda, both Collembola and Diplura have antenna, but Protura ...
The strolling arthropods hypothesis was a very early hypothesis for the evolution of discontinuous gas exchange cycles. [2] It was postulated that discontinuous gas exchange cycles and spiracles which close off the respiratory system , may in part do so to prevent small arthropod parasites such as mites and particulate matter such as dust from ...
Isopoda is an order of crustaceans.Members of this group are called isopods and include both aquatic species and terrestrial species such as woodlice.All have rigid, segmented exoskeletons, two pairs of antennae, seven pairs of jointed limbs on the thorax, and five pairs of branching appendages on the abdomen that are used in respiration.
Aquatic insects live mostly in freshwater habitats, and there are very few marine insect species. [9] The only true examples of pelagic insects are the sea skaters , which belongs to the order Hemiptera, and there are a few types of insects that live in the intertidal zone , including larvae of caddisflies from the family Chathamiidae , [ 10 ...
In marine habitats, gastropods are preyed upon by fish, marine birds, marine mammals, crustaceans, and other mollusks such as cephalopods. In terrestrial environments, gastropod predators include insects , arachnids ( spiders , harvestmen ), [ 50 ] birds , and mammals , among others.
Malpighian tubules are slender tubes normally found in the posterior regions of arthropod alimentary canals. Each tubule consists of a single layer of cells that is closed off at the distal end with the proximal end joining the alimentary canal at the junction between the midgut and hindgut. Most tubules are normally highly convoluted.