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The best records are from the tenure of Giovanni Battista Bugatti, the executioner of the Papal States between March 22, 1796 and August 17, 1861, who recorded the name of the condemned, the crime, and the location of the execution for each of the 516 "justices" he performed for the governments, papal or French. [1]
People executed by the civil authority of the Papal States (752–1870). Subcategories. This category has the following 3 subcategories, out of 3 total. B.
Giovanni Battista Bugatti holding the head of an executed woman. Giovanni Battista Bugatti (1779–1869) was the official executioner for the Papal States from 1796 to 1864. He was the longest-serving executioner in the States and was nicknamed Mastro Titta, a Roman corruption of maestro di giustizia, or master of justice. [1]
Last execution date Name Crime Method C Algeria: August 1993 [1] seven unnamed Islamic terrorists: terrorism: firing squad: A Angola: 1977 [2] Nito Alves and many of his supporters treason: firing squad: A Benin: 23 September 1987 [3] murder: A Bophuthatswana: 13 December 1990 [4] [5] Alpheus Sekoboane murder: hanging: D Botswana: 11 June 2021 ...
As Vatican City is a sacerdotal-monarchical state ruled by the Pope, who is the bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church, its laws are influenced by Church teaching. Giovanni Battista Bugatti , executioner of the Papal States between 1796 and 1865, carried out 516 executions (Bugatti pictured offering snuff to a condemned prisoner in ...
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A collection of popes have had violent deaths through the centuries. The circumstances have ranged from martyrdom (Pope Stephen I) to war (Lucius II), to an alleged beating by a jealous husband (Pope John XII). A number of other popes have died under circumstances that some believe to be murder, but for which definitive evidence has not been found. Martyr popes This list is incomplete ; you ...
This is an incomplete list of papal bulls, listed by the year in which each was issued. The decrees of some papal bulls were often tied to the circumstances of time and place, and may have been adjusted, attenuated, or abrogated by subsequent popes as situations changed.