Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
= the beneficial effect of the density of species j on species i. Mutualism is in essence the logistic growth equation modified for mutualistic interaction. The mutualistic interaction term represents the increase in population growth of one species as a result of the presence of greater numbers of another species.
The definition of symbiosis was a matter of debate for 130 years. [7] In 1877, Albert Bernhard Frank used the term symbiosis to describe the mutualistic relationship in lichens . [ 8 ] [ 9 ] In 1878, the German mycologist Heinrich Anton de Bary defined it as "the living together of unlike organisms".
Biological interactions range from mutualism, beneficial to both partners, to competition, harmful to both partners. Interactions can be direct when physical contact is established or indirect, through intermediaries such as shared resources, territories, ecological services, metabolic waste, toxins or growth inhibitors.
Mutually beneficial social interactions provide a direct fitness benefit to both individuals involved, while outweighing any cost of performing the behaviour. [3] In an environment with individual microbes, mutualism is most often performed in order to increase individual fitness benefit.
Collaborative procurement has been commended as a means of achieving financial savings and operational efficiency in the acquisition of common goods and services in the public sector, [41] and producing mutually beneficial results in the private sector. [42] Collaboration allows for better communication within organizations and along supply ...
Mutualism involves a close, mutually beneficial interaction between two different biological species, whereas "cooperation" is a more general term that can involve looser interactions and can be interspecific (between species) or intraspecific (within a species).
Define and articulate a common outcome. Establish mutually reinforcing or joint strategies. Identify and address needs by leveraging resources. Agree on roles and responsibilities. Establish compatible policies, procedures, and other means to operate across agency boundaries. Develop mechanisms to monitor, evaluate, and report on results.
Guanxi is a neutral word, but the use or practice of guanxi can range from 'benign, neutral, to questionable and corrupt'. [27] In mainland China, terms like guanxi practice or la guanxi are used to refer to bribery and corruption. [28] Guanxi practice is commonly employed by favour seekers to seek corrupt benefits from power-holders.