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In software engineering, coupling is the degree of interdependence between software modules, a measure of how closely connected two routines or modules are, [1] and the strength of the relationships between modules. [2] Coupling is not binary but multi-dimensional. [3] Coupling and cohesion. Coupling is usually contrasted with cohesion.
The adapter could reside in the same process space as the bus/hub or execute in a remote location and interact with the hub/bus through industry-standard protocols such as message queues, web services, or even use a proprietary protocol. In the Java world, standards such as JCA allow adapters to be created in a vendor-neutral manner.
The onion architecture proposed by Jeffrey Palermo in 2008 is similar to the hexagonal architecture: it also externalizes the infrastructure with interfaces to ensure loose coupling between the application and the database. [7] It decomposes further the application core into several concentric rings using inversion of control. [8]
Service reference autonomy (an aspect of loose coupling) The relationship between services is minimized to the level that they are only aware of their existence. Service location transparency (an aspect of loose coupling) Services can be called from anywhere within the network that it is located no matter where it is present. Service longevity
Tighter coupling of the designs of such a publisher and subscriber pair must be enforced outside of the pub/sub architecture to accomplish such assured delivery (e.g. by requiring the subscriber to publish receipt messages). A publisher in a pub/sub system may assume that a subscriber is listening, when in fact it is not.
The platform was known as Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or J2EE from version 1.2, until the name was changed to Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE in version 1.5. Java EE was maintained by Oracle under the Java Community Process. On September 12, 2017, Oracle Corporation announced that it would submit Java EE to the Eclipse ...
Loose coupling occurs when the dependent class contains a pointer only to an interface, which can then be implemented by one or many concrete classes. This is known as dependency inversion . The dependent class's dependency is to a "contract" specified by the interface; a defined list of methods and/or properties that implementing classes must ...
The observer design pattern is a behavioural pattern listed among the 23 well-known "Gang of Four" design patterns that address recurring design challenges in order to design flexible and reusable object-oriented software, yielding objects that are easier to implement, change, test and reuse.