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Several indications suggest that the writers of 3 Enoch were familiar with the content of 1 Enoch (an apocalyptic text dating to the Second Temple period). Some points that appear in 1 Enoch and 3 Enoch are: Enoch ascends to Heaven in a “storm chariot” (3 Enoch 6:1; 7:1) Enoch is transformed into an angel (3 Enoch 9:1–5; 15:1–2)
Judging by the number of copies found in the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Book of Enoch was widely read during the Second Temple period.Today, the Ethiopic Beta Israel community of Haymanot Jews is the only Jewish group that accepts the Book of Enoch as canonical and still preserves it in its liturgical language of Geʽez, where it plays a central role in worship. [6]
3 Enoch, a Rabbinic text in Hebrew usually dated to the fifth century AD. These recount how Enoch was taken up to Heaven and was appointed guardian of all the celestial treasures, chief of the archangels, and the immediate attendant on the Throne of God. He was subsequently taught all secrets and mysteries and, with all the angels at his back ...
Numerous etymologies have been proposed to account for the name Metatron, but there is no consensus, and its precise origin is unknown. [15] [16]: 92–97 Some scholars, such as Philip Alexander, believe that if the name Metatron originated in Hekhalot literature and Merkabah texts such as 3 Enoch, then it may have been a magical word like Adiriron and Dapdapiron.
Hekhalot literature (sometimes transliterated as Heichalot), from the Hebrew word for "Palaces," relates to visions of ascents into heavenly palaces.The genre overlaps with Merkabah or "Chariot" literature, which concerns Ezekiel's chariot, so the two are sometimes referred together as "Books of the Palaces and the Chariot" (ספרות ההיכלות והמרכבה ).
The Second Book of Enoch (Slavonic Enoch) refers to the same beings of the (First) Book of Enoch, as Grigori in the Greek transcription. [18] Compared to the other Books of Enoch, fallen angels play a less significant role in 3 Enoch. 3 Enoch mentions only three fallen angels called Azazel, Azza and Uzza.
The Hebrew word for "wheel" (ôpannîm) was also used in later Jewish literature to indicate a member of the angelic orders (1 Enoch 71:7; 3 Enoch 1:8; 7:1; 25:5–6, etc.). Comparing the living creatures in Ezekiel with Revelation's is a prominent apocalyptic study in Western Christianity. [6]
Text protagonists are early Tannaic Rabbis, though texts academically dated variously from Talmudic 100–500 to Gaonic 400–800 periods, and sectarian/rabbinic origins debated: Earlier texts: 3 Enoch Hekhalot Rabbati (The Greater Palaces) Hekhalot Zutari (The Lesser Palaces) Merkavah Rabbah (The Great Chariot) Later texts: