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In humans the intermediate zone is located between the ventricular zone and the cortical plate. The intermediate zone contains bipolar cells and multipolar cells . The multipolar cells have a special type of migration known as multipolar migration , they do not resemble the cells migrating by locomotion or somal translocation.
The cerebral cortex, also known as the cerebral mantle, [1] is the outer layer of neural tissue of the cerebrum of the brain in humans and other mammals.It is the largest site of neural integration in the central nervous system, [2] and plays a key role in attention, perception, awareness, thought, memory, language, and consciousness.
Subplate neurons appear to be selectively sensitive to injury (such as hypoxia) which in humans are associated with motor and cognitive defects . Subplate neurons are the first cortical neurons to receive synaptic inputs from thalamic axons, establishing a temporary link between thalamic axons and their final target in layer IV.. Later ...
Cortical bone is the hard outer layer of bone; distinct from the spongy, inner cancellous bone tissue [2] Ovarian cortex is the outer layer of the ovary and contains the follicles. The lymph node cortex is the outer layer of the lymph node.
With 50 to 100 cortical minicolumns per cortical column a human would have 2–4 million (2×10 6 –4×10 6) cortical columns. There may be more if the columns can overlap, as suggested by Tsunoda et al. [17] Jeff Hawkins claims that there are only 150,000 columns in the human neocortex, based on research made by his company Numenta. [18]
The search for the human equivalent of V4 led to the discovery of other areas that were stimulated by colour. The most significant was an area anterior in the ventral occipital lobe, subsequently named V4α. Further fMRI experiments found that V4α had a different function than V4, but worked cooperatively with it. [1]
The KNOB is also a suggested cortical substrate of the hand, as there have been anatomical asymmetries which have been linked to hand preference and skill, further suggesting the development of hands in the formation of the central sulcus seeing as the KNOB is the central portion of the central sulcus folded over the buried gyrus. [2]
Brodmann published his maps of cortical areas in humans, monkeys, and other species in 1909, [2] along with many other findings and observations regarding the general cell types and laminar organization of the mammalian cortex. The same Brodmann area number in different species does not necessarily indicate homologous areas. [3]