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Pickling is a metal surface treatment used to remove impurities, such as stains, inorganic contaminants, and rust or scale from ferrous metals, copper, precious metals and aluminium alloys. [1] A solution called pickle liquor, which usually contains acid, is used to remove the surface impurities.
For the activities described here, the following terms are often found: metal cleaning, metal surface cleaning, component cleaning, degreasing, parts washing, and parts cleaning. These are well established in technical language usage, but they have their shortcomings. Metal cleaning can easily be mixed up with the refinement of un-purified metals.
The Statue of Liberty, showing advanced patination; verdigris is responsible for the statue's iconic green colour.. Verdigris (/ ˈ v ɜːr d ɪ ɡ r iː (s)/) [1] is a common name for any of a variety of somewhat toxic [2] [3] [4] copper salts of acetic acid, which range in colour from green to a bluish-green depending on their chemical composition.
The patches of bronze disease can be scraped off the surface using a fingernail or a wooden pick. These properties are all in comparison with verdigris, which is normally a duller shade, uniform across the whole of the affected object, and cannot be scratched off with wood or fingernails. Unlike bronze disease, verdigris serves to protect the ...
These are best used for the area below the bumpers on cars that have painted metal body work in that location, rather than modern plastic deep bumpers. The bitumen based products do not dry and harden, so they cannot become brittle, like the confusingly named "Underbody Seal with added Waxoyl" made by Hammerite, which can be supplied in a Shutz ...
This is the first stage of material transfer and galling build-up. The damage on the metal sheet illustrates continuous lines or stripes, indicating a breakthrough of the oxide surface-layer. The damage on the metal sheet or characteristic pattern illustrates an "uneven surface," a change in the sheet material's plastic behavior and involves a ...
A gypsum block is made of gypsum plaster and water. The manufacturing process [1] is automated at production plants where raw gypsum (CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O) is ground and dried, then heated to remove three-quarters of the bound water and thus transformed into calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO 4 ·½H 2 O), also known as gypsum plaster, stucco, calcined gypsum or plaster of Paris.
Wood's metal. Uses include making custom-shaped apertures and blocks (for example, electron-beam cutouts and lung blocks) for medical radiation treatment, and making casts of keys that are hard to otherwise duplicate. [5] [6] Like other fusible alloys, e.g. Rose's metal, Wood's metal can be used as a heat-transfer medium in hot baths. Hot baths ...