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Sarcasm may employ ambivalence, [2] although it is not necessarily ironic. [3] Most noticeable in spoken word, sarcasm is mainly distinguished by the inflection with which it is spoken [4] or, with an undercurrent of irony, by the extreme disproportion of the comment to the situation, and is largely context-dependent. [5]
It usually takes the form of a story, often with dialogue, and ends in a punch line, whereby the humorous element of the story is revealed; this can be done using a pun or other type of word play, irony or sarcasm, logical incompatibility, hyperbole, or other means. [2] Linguist Robert Hetzron offers the definition:
All the common words, idioms, proverbs, and modern academic, literary, scientific, and technical terms of the Urdu language have been listed. Only those obsolete words and idioms have been included which are found in ancient books. They are indicated by the symbol "Qaaf". The English words that are commonly used in Urdu have also been included. [5]
"Sarcasm does not necessarily involve irony and irony has often no touch of sarcasm". [85] Irony: "A figure of speech in which the intended meaning is the opposite of that expressed by the words used; usually taking the form of sarcasm or ridicule in which laudatory expressions are used to imply condemnation or contempt". [86]
In 1977, the Board published the first edition of Urdu Lughat, a 22-volume comprehensive dictionary of the Urdu language. [2] The dictionary had 20,000 pages, including 220,000 words. [3] In 2009, Pakistani feminist poet Fahmida Riaz was appointed as the Chief Editor of the Board. [4] In 2010, the Board published one last edition Urdu Lughat. [3]
In English writing and often subtitles, a (!) symbol (an exclamation mark within parentheses) implies that a character has made an obviously sarcastic comment e.g.: "Ooh, a sarcasm detector. That's a really useful invention(!)" [32] It also is used to indicate surprise at one's own experience or statement.
Metaphysical poetry as a style was prevalent in the time of English playwright William Shakespeare, who admonished pretension with the phrase "Better a witty fool than a foolish wit". [3] It may combine word play with conceptual thinking, as a kind of verbal display requiring attention, without intending to be laugh-out-loud funny. Indeed wit ...
As a historical dictionary, the Oxford English Dictionary features entries in which the earliest ascertainable recorded sense of a word, whether current or obsolete, is presented first, and each additional sense is presented in historical order according to the date of its earliest ascertainable recorded use. [5]