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In artificial intelligence, symbolic artificial intelligence (also known as classical artificial intelligence or logic-based artificial intelligence) [1] [2] is the term for the collection of all methods in artificial intelligence research that are based on high-level symbolic (human-readable) representations of problems, logic and search. [3]
Message design logic is a communication theory that makes the claim that individuals possess implicit theories of communication within themselves, called message design logics. [1] Referred to as a “theory of theories,” Message Design Logic offers three different fundamental premises in reasoning about communication . [ 2 ]
Propositional logic only considers logical relations between full propositions. First-order logic also takes the internal parts of propositions into account, like predicates and quantifiers. Extended logics accept the basic intuitions behind classical logic and apply it to other fields, such as metaphysics, ethics, and epistemology. Deviant ...
A common unit of information is the bit or shannon, based on the binary logarithm. Other units include the nat, which is based on the natural logarithm, and the decimal digit, which is based on the common logarithm. In what follows, an expression of the form p log p is considered by convention to be equal to zero whenever p = 0.
Pronounced "A-star". A graph traversal and pathfinding algorithm which is used in many fields of computer science due to its completeness, optimality, and optimal efficiency. abductive logic programming (ALP) A high-level knowledge-representation framework that can be used to solve problems declaratively based on abductive reasoning. It extends normal logic programming by allowing some ...
Aldous Huxley is regarded as one of the most prominent explorers of visual communication and sight-related theories. [12] Becoming near-blind in his teen years as the result of an illness influenced his approach, and his work includes important novels on the dehumanizing aspects of scientific progress, most famously Brave New World and The Art of Seeing.
The Wason selection task (or four-card problem) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966. [1] [2] [3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [4] An example of the puzzle is: You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a color on the other.
An intermediate logic obtained by adding all instances of weak excluded middle to propositional logic. [174] [175] Also called "KC" and "Jankov's logic". [175] logical antirealism The philosophical position that logical truths do not correspond to an independent reality but are instead products of human conventions, language, or thought ...