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CNC machine pouring coolant to keep the tool and parts from getting hot Lathe machine. Machining is a manufacturing process where a desired shape or part is created using the controlled removal of material, most often metal, from a larger piece of raw material by cutting.
A 3-axis clone of a Bridgeport-style vertical milling machine. Milling is the process of machining using rotary cutters to remove material [1] by advancing a cutter into a workpiece.
Schematic of ultrasonic machining process An ultrasonic drill from 1955. Ultrasonic machining is a subtractive manufacturing process that removes material from the surface of a part through high frequency, low amplitude vibrations of a tool against the material surface in the presence of fine abrasive particles.
CAM software automates the process of converting 3D models into tool paths, the route the multiaxis machine takes to mill a part (Fig. 1). This software takes into account the different parameters of the tool head (in the case of a CNC router, this would be the bit size), dimensions of the blank, and any constraints the machine may have.
Motion is controlling multiple axes, normally at least two (X and Y), [4] and a tool spindle that moves in the Z (depth). The position of the tool is driven by direct-drive stepper motors or servo motors to provide highly accurate movements, or in older designs, motors through a series of step-down gears.
Cutting tools are often designed with inserts or replaceable tips (tipped tools).In these, the cutting edge consists of a separate piece of material, either brazed, welded or clamped on to the tool body.
Electron-beam machining (EBM) is a process where high-velocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam that are directed towards the work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material.
Abrasive machining is a machining process where material is removed from a workpiece using a multitude of small abrasive particles. Common examples include grinding, honing, and polishing.