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The Civil Engineering Standard Method of Measurement (commonly known as CESMM3) sets out a procedure for the preparation of a bill of quantities for civil engineering works, for pricing and for expression and measurement of quantities of work.
Three possible methods of realisation are defined by the international vocabulary of metrology (VIM): a physical realisation of the unit from its definition, a highly-reproducible measurement as a reproduction of the definition (such as the quantum Hall effect for the ohm), and the use of a material object as the measurement standard.
In metrology (the science of measurement), a standard (or etalon) is an object, system, or experiment that bears a defined relationship to a unit of measurement of a physical quantity. [1] Standards are the fundamental reference for a system of weights and measures , against which all other measuring devices are compared.
ISO 10012:2003, Measurement management systems - Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment is the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard that specifies generic requirements and provides guidance for the management of measurement processes and metrological confirmation of measuring equipment used to support and demonstrate compliance with metrological ...
IEC 60689 Measurement and test methods for tuning fork quartz crystal units in the range from 10 kHz to 200 kHz and standard values IEC 60691 Thermal-links – Requirements and application guide IEC 60692 Nuclear instrumentation – Density gauges utilizing ionizing radiation – Definitions and test methods
Standardized measurements are essential to technological advancement, and early measurement tools have been found dating back to the dawn of human civilization. [1] Early Mesopotamian and Egyptian metrologists created a set of measurement standards based on body parts known as anthropic units. These ancient systems of measurements utilized ...
Established standard objects and events are used as units, and the process of measurement gives a number relating the item under study and the referenced unit of measurement. Measuring instruments, and formal test methods which define the instrument's use, are the means by which these relations of numbers are obtained.
Measurement is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events. [1] [2] In other words, measurement is a process of determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared to a basic reference quantity of the same kind. [3]