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Odontogenic sinusitis is a type of sinusitis (inflammation of the sinuses), specifically caused by dental infections or procedures. [1] Comprising approximately 10-12% of all chronic sinusitis cases, this condition primarily affects the maxillary sinus , which is in close proximity to the upper teeth .
Dental pain can also occur. A way to distinguish between toothache and sinusitis is that sinusitis-related pain is usually worsened by tilting the head forward or performing the Valsalva maneuver. [21] Chronic sinusitis presents with more subtle symptoms of nasal obstruction, with less fever and pain complaints.
Since dental caries associated with pulpitis is the most common cause, toothache is more common in populations that are at higher risk of dental caries. The prevalence of caries in a population is dependent upon factors such as diet (refined sugars), socioeconomic status, and exposure to fluoride (such as areas without water fluoridation ).
Intraoral dental sinus (also termed a parulis and commonly, a gumboil) is an oral lesion characterized by a soft erythematous papule (red spot) that develops on the alveolar process in association with a non-vital tooth and accompanying dental abscess. [1] A parulis is made up of inflamed granulation tissue.
The maxillary sinus can normally be seen above the level of the premolar and molar teeth in the upper jaw. This dental x-ray film shows how, in the absence of the second premolar and first molar, the sinus became pneumatized and expanded towards the crest of the alveolar process (location at which the bone meets the gum tissue).
A dental abscess is a localized collection of pus associated with a tooth. The most common type of dental abscess is a periapical abscess , and the second most common is a periodontal abscess . In a periapical abscess, usually the origin is a bacterial infection that has accumulated in the soft, often dead, pulp of the tooth.
In some cases, the sinus cavity can be irrigated with saline (antral lavage) and the tooth fragment may be brought back to the site of the opening through which it entered the sinus, and may be retrievable. At other times, a window must be made into the sinus in the Canine fossa—a procedure referred to as a "Caldwell-Luc". [49]
Cutaneous sinuses of dental origin tend to occur under the chin or mandible. Without elimination of the source of the infection, the lesion tends to have a relapsing and remitting course, with healing periods and periods of purulent discharge. Cutaneous sinus tracts may result in fibrosis and scarring which may cause cosmetic concern. Sometimes ...