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Faucet dripping water. Structure of the water molecule (H 2 O) The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to water: Water – chemical substance with the chemical formula H 2 O. A water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms connected by covalent bonds.
[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [4] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
In contrast to localizing electrons within their atomic orbitals in valence bond theory, the molecular orbital approach considers electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. The simple MO diagram of H 2 O is shown on the right. [2] [3] Following simple symmetry treatments, the 1s orbitals of hydrogen atom are premixed as a 1 and b 1 ...
Structure of the water molecule (H<sub>2</sub>O) Own work, based in part on the public domain image H2O (water molecule).jpg by Solkoll. Corrected by ~~~~ 21:18, 3 August 2007: 500 × 360 (4 KB) Sakurambo~commonswiki: Structure of the water molecule (H<sub>2</sub>O) Own work, based in part on the public domain image H2O (water molecule).jpg by ...
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Along with the bent structure, this gives the molecule an electrical dipole moment and it is classified as a polar molecule. [94] Water is a good polar solvent, dissolving many salts and hydrophilic organic molecules such as sugars and simple alcohols such as ethanol.
To put this in perspective: the lowest excitation vibrational energy in water is the bending mode (about 1600 cm −1). Thus, at room temperature less than 0.07 percent of all the molecules of a given amount of water will vibrate faster than at absolute zero. As stated above, rotation hardly influences the molecular geometry.
For a diatomic molecule, an MO diagram effectively shows the energetics of the bond between the two atoms, whose AO unbonded energies are shown on the sides. For simple polyatomic molecules with a "central atom" such as methane (CH 4) or carbon dioxide (CO 2), a MO diagram may show one of the identical bonds to the central atom. For other ...