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Playing a harmonic on a string. Here, "+7" indicates that the string is held down at the position for raising the pitch by 7 semitones. Playing a string harmonic (a flageolet) is a string instrument technique that uses the nodes of natural harmonics of a musical string to isolate overtones. Playing string harmonics produces high pitched tones ...
The strings play col legno, striking the wood of their bows on the strings, in addition to numerous other techniques (Boyden 2001). François-Adrien Boieldieu; Le calife de Bagdad (opera, 1800), strings play col legno (Favre and Betzwieser 2001). Benjamin Britten; Passacaglia from Peter Grimes, rehearsal 6, "agitato", (pp. 16–17 of the score).
A prepared guitar, in which various metal objects have been inserted between the strings and the neck.. In music, extended technique is unconventional, unorthodox, or non-traditional methods of singing or of playing musical instruments employed to obtain unusual sounds or timbres.
The following table displays the stop points on a stringed instrument at which gentle touching of a string will force it into a harmonic mode when vibrated. String harmonics (flageolet tones) are described as having a "flutelike, silvery quality" that can be highly effective as a special color or tone color when used and heard in orchestration ...
The fourth harmonic vibrates at four times the frequency of the fundamental and sounds a perfect fourth above the third harmonic (two octaves above the fundamental). Double the harmonic number means double the frequency (which sounds an octave higher). An illustration in musical notation of the harmonic series (on C) up to the 20th harmonic.
Musical technique may also be distinguished from music theory, in that performance is a practical matter, but study of music theory is often used to understand better and to improve techniques. Techniques such as intonation or timbre, articulation, and musical phrasing are nearly universal to all instruments.
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String instruments are capable of producing a variety of extended technique sounds. These alternative playing techniques have been used extensively since the 20th century. Particularly famous examples of string instrument extended technique can be found in the music of Krzysztof Penderecki (particularly his Threnody to the Victims of Hiroshima), Witold Lutosławski, George Crumb, and Helmut ...