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Custards require a slow oven for example, bread a moderate oven, and pastries a very hot oven. Cooks estimated the temperature of an oven by counting the number of minutes it took to turn a piece of white paper golden brown, or counting the number of seconds one could hold one's hand in the oven. [3] Another method was to put a layer of flour ...
In theory, the following formulae can be used to convert between gas mark values and Celsius. For temperatures above 135 °C (gas mark 1), to convert gas mark to degrees Celsius ( C {\textstyle C} ), multiply the gas mark number ( G {\textstyle G} ) by 14, then add 121:
In a recipe, the baker's percentage for water is referred to as the "hydration"; it is indicative of the stickiness of the dough and the "crumb" of the bread. Lower hydration rates (e.g., 50–57%) are typical for bagels and pretzels , and medium hydration levels (58–65%) are typical for breads and rolls . [ 25 ]
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Garlic bread (also called garlic toast) [1] consists of bread (usually baguette, sourdough or ciabatta) topped with garlic and occasionally olive oil or butter, and may include additional herbs, such as oregano or chives. [2] It is then either grilled until toasted or baked in a conventional or bread oven. [2]
Starch gelatinization begins at 105 °F (41 °C), [34] the yeast dies at 140 °F (60 °C), [35] and the baking is finished when the product reaches an internal temperature of 208–210 °F (98–99 °C). [21] Cooling: Once the bread is fully baked, it is removed to racks to cool. Bread is sliced once it has cooled to 95–105 °F (35–41 °C).
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For an oven set to 325°F, FoodSafety.gov recommends the following roasting times based on the weight of a fully thawed turkey: 4 to 6 Pounds (Breast) Cooking Time 1 1/2 to 2 1/4 hours