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Also, diagnostic criteria may include an increase in frequency and severity of coughing, [5] as well as increased shortness of breath. [7] A chest X-ray is usually performed on people with fever and, especially, hemoptysis (blood in the sputum), to rule out pneumonia and get information on the severity of the exacerbation. Hemoptysis may also ...
A chronic productive cough is the result of mucus hypersecretion and when it persists for more than three months each year for at least two years, it is defined as chronic bronchitis. [13] Chronic bronchitis can occur before the restricted airflow diagnostic of COPD. [14] Some people with COPD attribute the symptoms to the consequences of smoking.
The most common symptom of eosinophilic bronchitis is a chronic dry cough lasting more than 6–8 weeks. [3] Eosinophilic bronchitis is also defined by the increased number of eosinophils , a type of white blood cell, in the sputum compared to that of healthy people. [ 2 ]
While both chronic bronchitis and emphysema are often associated with COPD, neither is needed to make the diagnosis. [34] A Chinese consensus commented on symptomatic types of COPD that include chronic bronchitis with frequent exacerbations. [35] Chronic bronchitis is marked by mucus hypersecretion and mucins.
Additionally, bronchitis is described as either acute or chronic depending on its presentation and is also further described by the causative agent. Acute bronchitis can be defined as acute bacterial or viral infection of the larger airways in healthy patients with no history of recurrent disease. [ 8 ]
Chronic bronchitis is defined clinically as a persistent cough that produces sputum (phlegm) and mucus, for at least three months in two consecutive years. Chronic bronchitis is often the cause of "smoker's cough". The tobacco smoke causes inflammation, secretion of mucus into the airway, and difficulty clearing that mucus out of the airways.
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