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Vitrified tile is a ceramic tile with very low porosity. [1] It is an alternative to marble and granite flooring. Vitrified tiles are often used outdoors due to their ...
Porcelain tiles can be vitrified to reduce their porosity and increase their strength. Vitrified porcelain tiles are created by combining clay with other elements such as quartz, silica, or feldspar under incredibly high temperatures. The vitrification process creates porcelain tiles that contain a glass substrate.
[11] [12] [13] An example is by ASTM, who state "The term vitreous generally signifies less than 0.5% absorption, except for floor and wall tile and low-voltage electrical insulators, which are considered vitreous up to 3% water absorption." [14] Pottery can be made impermeable to water by glazing or by vitrification.
The ISO 13006 defines a "porcelain tile" as a "fully vitrified tile with water absorption less than or equal to 0.5%, belonging to groups AIa and BIa (of ISO 13006).". [19] The ANSI defines as "a ceramic tile that has 'a water absorption of 0.5%' or less.” It is made generally by the pressed or extruded method." [20]
The word ceramic comes from the Ancient Greek word κεραμικός (keramikós), meaning "of or for pottery" [4] (from κέραμος (kéramos) 'potter's clay, tile, pottery'). [5] The earliest known mention of the root ceram- is the Mycenaean Greek ke-ra-me-we , workers of ceramic, written in Linear B syllabic script. [ 6 ]
In the U.S. the term "vitrified" when referring to ceramic tile is a technical term with a very specific meaning. It identifies a class of tile that absorbs more than 0.5%, but not more than 3.0% of its weight in water when tested using the process described in ANSI 137.1.5.3.1.3.1 published by the American National Standards Institute.
Hard-paste porcelain was invented in China, and it was also used in Japanese porcelain.Most of the finest quality porcelain wares are made of this material. The earliest European porcelains were produced at the Meissen factory in the early 18th century; they were formed from a paste composed of kaolin and alabaster and fired at temperatures up to 1,400 °C (2,552 °F) in a wood-fired kiln ...
Gothic châsse; 1185–1200; champlevé enamel over copper gilded; height: 17.7 cm (7.0 in), width: 17.4 cm (6.9 in), depth: 10.1 cm (4.0 in). Vitreous enamel, also called porcelain enamel, is a material made by fusing powdered glass to a substrate by firing, usually between 750 and 850 °C (1,380 and 1,560 °F).