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The third main principle in Jainism is aparigraha which means non-attachment to worldly possessions. [89] For monks and nuns, Jainism requires a vow of complete non-possession of any property, relations and emotions. [90] The ascetic is a wandering mendicant in the Digambara tradition, or a resident mendicant in the Śvētāmbara tradition. [90]
Broadly, Jainism is divided into two major schools of thought, Digambara and Śvetāmbara. These are further divided into different sub-sects and traditions. While there are differences in practices, the core philosophy and main principles of each sect is the same.
Each one of these fundamental principles are discussed and explained by Jain Scholars in depth. [3] There are two examples that can be used to explain the above principle intuitively. (1) A man rides a wooden boat to reach the other side of the river. Now the man is Jiva, the boat is ajiva. Now the boat has a leak and water flows in.
Classification of Saṃsāri Jīvas (transmigrating souls) in Jainism An explanation of the five types of material bodies associated with a Jiva. As outlined above, the universe is composed of two main kinds of substances, the jīva (living) and the ajīva (non-living). These are un-created existents which are always interacting with each other.
The five great vows apply only to ascetics in Jainism, and in their place are five minor vows for laypeople (householders). The historic texts of Jains accept that any activity by a layperson would involve some form of himsa (violence) to some living beings, and therefore the minor vow emphasizes reduction of the impact and active efforts to ...
Jainism declares that a person with the right faith will have spiritual calmness (Prasanna), desire for liberation from the endless birth-life-death cycles (Samvega), without any attachment or aversion to anything (Nirveda), kindness (Anukampa), and belief in the tattvas (fundamental principles) described just above (āstika).
The five-sensed beings without mind have nine life-principles with the addition of the sense of hearing. Those endowed with mind are said to have ten vitalities with the addition of the mind. According to Tattvarthasutra, one of the most important Jainism scriptures, "the severance of vitalities out of passion is injury". [10]
It combines and changes its modes but its basic qualities remain the same. According to Jainism, it cannot be created nor destroyed. Dharma-tattva (medium of motion) and Adharma-tattva (medium of rest) – They are also known as Dharmāstikāya and Adharmāstikāya. They are unique to Jain thought depicting the principles of motion and rest.