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2. Basic access authentication - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication

   In the context of an HTTP transaction, basic access authentication is a method for an HTTP user agent (e.g. a web browser) to provide a user name and password when making a request. In basic HTTP authentication, a request contains a header field in the form of Authorization: Basic <credentials> , where <credentials> is the Base64 encoding of ID ...

3. Binary-to-text encoding - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary-to-text_encoding

   A binary-to-text encoding is encoding of data in plain text.More precisely, it is an encoding of binary data in a sequence of printable characters.These encodings are necessary for transmission of data when the communication channel does not allow binary data (such as email or NNTP) or is not 8-bit clean.

4. Quoted-printable - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoted-printable

   Quoted-Printable encoding is one method used for mapping arbitrary bytes into sequences of ASCII characters. So, Quoted-Printable is not a character encoding scheme itself, but a data coding layer to be used under some byte-oriented character encoding. QP encoding is reversible, meaning the original bytes and hence the non-ASCII characters they ...

5. PDF - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDF

   The file starts with a header containing a magic number (as a readable string) and the version of the format, for example %PDF-1.7. The format is a subset of a COS ("Carousel" Object Structure) format. [23] A COS tree file consists primarily of objects, of which there are nine types: [16] Boolean values, representing true or false; Real numbers ...

6. UTF-8 - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTF-8

   This led to the idea that text in Chinese and other languages would take more space in UTF-8. However, text is only larger if there are more of these code points than 1-byte ASCII code points, and this rarely happens in the real-world documents due to spaces, newlines, digits, punctuation, English words, and (depending on document format) markup.

7. Rich Text Format - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rich_Text_Format

   pyth is a Python library to create and convert documents in RTF, XHTML and PDF format. Ruby RTF is a project to create Rich Text content via Ruby. RaTFink is a library of Tcl routines, free software, to generate RTF output, and a Cost script to convert SGML to RTF. RTF::Writer is a Perl module for generating RTF documents.

8. Basic Latin (Unicode block) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_Latin_(Unicode_block)

   The Basic Latin Unicode block, [3] sometimes informally called C0 Controls and Basic Latin, [4] is the first block of the Unicode standard, and the only block which is encoded in one byte in UTF-8. The block contains all the letters and control codes of the ASCII encoding.

9. Comparison of Unicode encodings - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/.../Comparison_of_Unicode_encodings

   For processing, a format should be easy to search, truncate, and generally process safely. [citation needed] All normal Unicode encodings use some form of fixed size code unit. Depending on the format and the code point to be encoded, one or more of these code units will represent a Unicode code point. To allow easy searching and truncation, a ...