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By other authors, civil society is used in the sense of 1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or 2) individuals and organizations in a society which are independent of the government. [2]
A civil society organization (CSO) is a group of people that operates in the community in a way that is distinct from both government and business. [1] Please see: Civil society; Non-governmental organization; Social movement organization
The term NGO is used inconsistently, and is sometimes used synonymously with civil society organization (CSO), which is any association founded by citizens. [4] In some countries, NGOs are known as nonprofit organizations while political parties and trade unions are sometimes considered NGOs as well.
The presence of a large non-profit sector is sometimes seen as an indicator of a healthy economy in local and national financial measurements. [11] With a growing number of non-profit organizations focused on social services, the environment, education, and other unmet needs throughout society, the nonprofit sector is increasingly central to the health and well-being of society. [12]
NGOs are independent of governments and can be seen as two types: advocacy NGOs, which aim to influence governments with a specific goal, and operational NGOs, which provide services. [4] Examples of NGO mandates are environmental preservation, human rights promotions or the advancement of women.
A government-organized non-governmental organization (GONGO) is a non-governmental organization that was set up or sponsored by a government in order to further its political interests and mimic the civic groups and civil society at home, or promote its international or geopolitical interests abroad.
NGO-ization is a process resulting from neoliberal globalization. [5] It consists of the flourishing of NGOs founded on issue-specific interventions [6] associated with the rising centrality of civil society [7] where NGOs are in charge of social services that used to be fulfilled by the public sector. [5]
Local NGOs formed a protest coalition under the Civil Society Organizations Reference Group (CSORG) and adopted a two-track approach of lobbying MPs and mobilizing the public. They highlighted the negative socioeconomic impacts of the amendments, emphasizing the importance of the NGO sector for the Kenyan economy and service delivery. [30]