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The word "factorial" (originally French: factorielle) was first used in 1800 by Louis François Antoine Arbogast, [18] in the first work on Faà di Bruno's formula, [19] but referring to a more general concept of products of arithmetic progressions. The "factors" that this name refers to are the terms of the product formula for the factorial. [20]
Legendre's formula can be used to prove Kummer's theorem. As one special case, it can be used to prove that if n is a positive integer then 4 divides ( 2 n n ) {\displaystyle {\binom {2n}{n}}} if and only if n is not a power of 2.
The theorem is a special case of the polynomial remainder theorem. [1] [2] The theorem results from basic properties of addition and multiplication. It follows that the theorem holds also when the coefficients and the element belong to any commutative ring, and not just a field.
In mathematics, Stirling's approximation (or Stirling's formula) is an asymptotic approximation for factorials. It is a good approximation, leading to accurate results even for small values of n {\displaystyle n} .
The theorem was first stated by Ibn al-Haytham c. 1000 AD. [2] Edward Waring announced the theorem in 1770 without proving it, crediting his student John Wilson for the discovery. [3] Lagrange gave the first proof in 1771. [4] There is evidence that Leibniz was also aware of the result a century earlier, but never published it. [5]
Bhargava factorial; Binomial (polynomial) Binomial approximation; Binomial coefficient; Binomial distribution; Binomial regression; Binomial series; Binomial theorem; Binomial transform; Binomial type; Brocard's problem
There is also a connection formula for the ratio of two rising factorials given by () = (+) (),. Additionally, we can expand generalized exponent laws and negative rising and falling powers through the following identities: [11] (p 52)
De Polignac's formula; Difference operator; Difference polynomials; Digamma function; Egorychev method; Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem; Euler–Mascheroni constant; Faà di Bruno's formula; Factorial; Factorial moment; Factorial number system; Factorial prime; Gamma distribution; Gamma function; Gaussian binomial coefficient; Gould's sequence ...