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  2. Pupillary response - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_response

    Dilation and constriction of the pupil. Pupillary response is a physiological response that varies the size of the pupil, via the optic and oculomotor cranial nerve.. A constriction response (), [1] is the narrowing of the pupil, which may be caused by scleral buckles or drugs such as opiates/opioids or anti-hypertension medications.

  3. Mydriasis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mydriasis

    Conversely, parasympathetic stimulation causes contraction of the circular muscle and constriction of the pupil. The mechanism of mydriasis depends on the agent being used. It usually involves either a disruption of the parasympathetic nerve supply to the eye (which normally constricts the pupil) or overactivity of the sympathetic nervous ...

  4. Miosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miosis

    Nerves involved in the resizing of the pupil connect to the pretectal nucleus of the high midbrain, bypassing the lateral geniculate nucleus and the primary visual cortex. From the pretectal nucleus neurons send axons to neurons of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus whose visceromotor axons run along both the left and right oculomotor nerves .

  5. Ciliary ganglion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciliary_ganglion

    It explains the defining features of a tonic pupil: (1) The pupil does not react to light. The original light-reaction neurons have been destroyed. (2) Tonic constriction with attempted near vision. Aberrant regeneration of nerve fibers intended for the ciliary muscle causes abnormal, tonic contraction of the pupil with accommodation.

  6. Pupillary light reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_light_reflex

    The higher the value, the smaller the time step used in the simulation and, consequently, the smaller the pupil constriction/dilation velocity. In order to improve the realism of the resulting simulations, the hippus effect can be approximated by adding small random variations to the environment light (in the range 0.05–0.3 Hz).

  7. Pupillometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillometry

    Greater pupil dilation is associated with increased processing in the brain. [45] Vacchiano and colleagues (1968) found that pupillary responses were associated with visual exposure to words with high, neutral or low value. Presented low-value words were associated with dilation, and high-value words with constriction of a pupil. [46]

  8. Neurological pupil index - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurological_Pupil_Index

    The Neurological Pupil index, or NPi, is an algorithm developed by NeurOptics, Inc., that removes subjectivity from the pupillary evaluation. A patient's pupil measurement (including variables such as size, latency, constriction velocity, dilation velocity, etc.) is obtained using a pupillometer, and the measurement is compared against a normative model of pupil reaction to light and ...

  9. Pupillary reflex - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupillary_reflex

    Next, constriction of the pupil occurs. Because the lens cannot refract light rays at the edges well, the image produced by the lens is blurry around the edges so the pupil constricts when one attempts to focus on nearby objects. [citation needed] Lastly, accommodation of the lens occurs. This is an alteration in the curvature of the lens that ...