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2. Grading (earthworks) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grading_(earthworks)

   Section through railway track and foundation showing the sub-grade. Grading in civil engineering and landscape architectural construction is the work of ensuring a level base, or one with a specified slope, [1] for a construction work such as a foundation, the base course for a road or a railway, or landscape and garden improvements, or surface drainage.

3. Earthworks (engineering) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworks_(engineering)

   Keyline design – Landscaping to optimize water usage; Land restoration – Process of restoring land to a different state; Grading (earthworks) – In civil engineering, creating a profile; Spoil tip – Pile built of accumulated spoil; Subgrade – Material underneath a road or track; Terrace (earthworks) – Terrain formed by tiered platforms

4. Drainage gradient - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drainage_gradient

   Drainage gradient (DG) is a term in road design, defined as the combined slope due to road surface cross slope (CS) and longitudinal slope (hilliness). Although the term may not be used, the concept is also used in roof design and landscape architecture. If the drainage gradient is too low, rain and melt water drainage will be insufficient.

5. Civil drawing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_drawing

   A civil drawing, or site drawing, is a type of technical drawing that shows information about grading, landscaping, or other site details. These drawings are intended to give a clear picture of all things in a construction site to a civil engineer.

6. Site plan - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_plan

   A site plan or a plot plan is a type of drawing used by architects, landscape architects, urban planners, and engineers which shows existing and proposed conditions for a given area, typically a parcel of land which is to be modified. Sites plan typically show buildings, roads, sidewalks and paths/trails, parking, drainage facilities, sanitary ...

7. Grade (slope) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_(slope)

   Grade, pitch, and slope are important components in landscape design, garden design, landscape architecture, and architecture; for engineering and aesthetic design factors. Drainage, slope stability, circulation of people and vehicles, complying with building codes, and design integration are all aspects of slope considerations in environmental ...

8. Invert level - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invert_level

   Invert level affects flow from drainage pipes In civil engineering , the invert level is the base interior level of a pipe, trench or tunnel ; it can be considered the "floor" level. [ 1 ] The invert is an important datum for determining the functioning or flowline of a piping system.

9. Soil gradation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_Gradation

   In a design, the gradation of the in situ (on site) soil often controls the design and ground water drainage of the site. A poorly graded soil will have better drainage than a well graded soil, [2] if it is not high in clay quality. Soil is graded as either well graded or poorly graded. [3]