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  2. Separate but equal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separate_but_equal

    The "separate but equal" doctrine applied in theory to all public facilities: not only railroad cars but schools, medical facilities, theaters, restaurants, restrooms, and drinking fountains. However, neither state nor Congress put "separate but equal" into the statute books, meaning the provision of equal services to non-whites could not be ...

  3. Plessy v. Ferguson - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plessy_v._Ferguson

    Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for African-Americans [2] were equal in quality to those of white people, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".

  4. List of landmark court decisions in the United States

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_landmark_court...

    The Court found that the separate but equal doctrine adopted in Plessy "has no place in the field of public education". Bolling v. Sharpe, 347 U.S. 497 (1954) Segregated schools in the District of Columbia violate the Equal Protection Clause as incorporated against the federal government by the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. Sarah ...

  5. Racial segregation in the United States - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_segregation_in_the...

    On at least six occasions over nearly 60 years, the Supreme Court held, either explicitly or by necessary implication, that the "separate but equal" rule announced in Plessy was the correct rule of law, [32] although, toward the end of that period, the Court began to focus on whether the separate facilities were in fact equal. The repeal of ...

  6. Constitutional colorblindness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_colorblindness

    The doctrine gained prominence in the late 20th century as part of conservative legal arguments against affirmative action and other race-conscious government policies. Supporters argue that the Equal Protection Clause mandates a race-neutral approach, meaning that laws and policies should not differentiate between individuals based on race ...

  7. Social Security Fairness Act could restore benefits, but ...

    www.aol.com/social-security-fairness-act-could...

    The other program, the Government Pension Offset, further impacted Cosgrove after her husband, Mike, passed away in 2022. ... These are two separate systems. If we need to fix Social Security, let ...

  8. Sweatt v. Painter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweatt_v._Painter

    Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950), was a U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. The case was influential in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education four years later.

  9. What you should know about the Iowa bill that legally defines ...

    www.aol.com/know-iowa-bill-legally-defines...

    Gov. Kim Reynolds wants to define "man" and "woman" in Iowa law. What to know about the bill that opponents are calling "LGBTQ erasure." ... Iowa’s bill says the term “equal” does not mean ...