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They have diameters only slightly less than the internal diameter of the pipe to be bent. They are only suitable for bending 15-and-22 mm (0.6-and-0.9 in) soft copper pipe (typically used in household plumbing) or PVC pipe. [NB these sizes and comments apply in the UK - elsewhere different sizes apply.]
A joggle bend in sheet metal (at top of image) and a hand joggling tool Joggling , [ 5 ] also known as joggle bending , is an offset bending process in which two opposite bends with equal angles are formed in a single action creating a small s-shape bend profile and an offset between the unbent face and the result flange that is typically less ...
The minimum bend radius is in general also a function of tensile stresses, e.g., during installation, while being bent around a sheave while the fiber or cable is under tension. If no minimum bend radius is specified, one is usually safe in assuming a minimum long-term low-stress radius not less than 15 times the cable diameter, or 2 inches.
A bent, pressed-metal plate had three or four pins that stuck into the toe of a square-toed boot, which was clamped down with a metal bail. After victories at the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz , the binding remained the standard type for cross-country skiing through much of the century and continues as the Nordic Norm , manufactured by ...
The handles can be folded down once the clip has been attached, and can also be removed for a semi-permanent binding. An assortment of binder clips, with an AA battery for scale. A binder clip is a strip of spring steel bent into the shape of an isosceles triangle with loops at the apex.
Gusset plates can be made into a variety of shapes and sizes and from a range of materials. Gusset plates are usually square or rectangular, but can be triangular or made into a customized shape to fit the joint. The shape of each plate is designed so that welding or bolts can be applied to different edges of the plate. [2]
A brake is a metalworking machine that allows the bending of sheet metal. A cornice brake only allows for simple bends and creases, while a box-and-pan brake also allows one to form box and pan shapes. It is also known as a bending machine or bending brake or in Britain as a sheet metal folder or just a folder.
Spiral Binding Company, started in 1932, was "the first mechanical binding company in the United States". [2] It created the original metal spiral-coil binding and later the Spiralastic, a popular plastic coil to replace wire during World War II. [ 3 ]