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Uric acid is a heterocyclic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen with the formula C 5 H 4 N 4 O 3. It forms ions and salts known as urates and acid urates, such as ammonium acid urate. Uric acid is a product of the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides, and it is a normal component of urine. [1]
Acid–base and blood gases are among the few blood constituents that exhibit substantial difference between arterial and venous values. [6] Still, pH, bicarbonate and base excess show a high level of inter-method reliability between arterial and venous tests, so arterial and venous values are roughly equivalent for these.
Folic acid: 2.3-5.2 × 10 −8: 1.6-2 × 10 −8: Fructose: 0-5 × 10 −5: 7-8 × 10 −5: Furosemide glucuronide: 1-400 × 10 −6: Galactose: children <2 × 10 −4: Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) <1.25-4.0 × 10 −10: Gastrin: mean 7 × 10 −11: maximum <20 × 10 −11: Globulin: total 2.2-4 × 10 −2: alpha-1-Globulin 1-4 × 10 −3 ...
Metabolic acidosis is compensated for in the lungs, as increased exhalation of carbon dioxide promptly shifts the buffering equation to reduce metabolic acid. This is a result of stimulation to chemoreceptors , which increases alveolar ventilation , leading to respiratory compensation, otherwise known as Kussmaul breathing (a specific type of ...
Urine contains water-soluble by-products of cellular metabolism that are rich in nitrogen and must be cleared from the bloodstream, such as urea, uric acid, and creatinine. A urinalysis can detect nitrogenous wastes of the mammalian body. Urine plays an important role in the earth's nitrogen cycle.
The phosphate reacts with the acid, and the calcium is excreted by the kidneys. [41] Hypocitraturia: the urine has an abnormally low concentration of citrate, which normally helps to dissolve free calcium. [41] The urine has a low pH, which stops uric acid from dissolving, leading to crystals that act as a nidus for calcium stone formation. [41]
(The Center Square) – In October it was revealed that the state operating budget faced a potential $5 billion shortfall for the 2025-2027 biennium. While that figure has changed slightly, the ...
Plasma circulates dissolved nutrients, such as glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids (dissolved in the blood or bound to plasma proteins), and removes waste products, such as carbon dioxide, urea, and lactic acid. Other important components include: Serum albumin; Blood-clotting factors (to facilitate coagulation) Immunoglobulins