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Al-Fatiha, the first surah in the Quran. The Quran is divided into 114 surahs (chapters), and 6236 (excluding "Bismillah") or 6348 (including Bismillah") ayahs (verses). Chapters are arranged broadly in descending order of length. For a preliminary discussion about the chronological order of chapters, see Surah.
Meccan surahs are typically shorter than Medinan surahs, with relatively short verses , and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an. (As a general rule, the chapters of the Qur'an are ordered from longest to shortest.) Most of the chapters containing Muqatta'at are Meccan, Except 2, 3 and 13. [2]
The surah are of unequal length; the shortest surah has only three verses, while the longest contains 286 verses. [4] The Qur'an consists of one short introductory chapter (Q1) , eight very long chapters, making up one-third of the Qur'an ( Q2 ‒ 9 ); 19 mid-length chapters, making up another one-third (Q10‒28); and 86 short and very short ...
The Medinan Surahs occur mostly at the beginning and in the middle of the Qur'an (but are said to be the last revealed surahs chronologically), and typically have more and longer ayat (verses). Due to the new circumstances of the early Muslim community in Medina, these surahs more often deal with details of moral principles, legislation ...
Distribution of Surahs by Juz', with the length of the bar corresponding to a Surah being proportionate to the number of letters of the Surahs in the Juz' divided by the total number of letters in the Juz'. Most Juz' are named after the first word of the first verse of the Juz'. [5]
The surah includes a few Islamic rules related to varying subjects, such as: prayers, fasting, striving on the path of God, the pilgrimage to Mecca, the change of the direction of prayer from Jerusalem to Mecca, marriage and divorce, commerce, debt, and a great many of the ordinances concerning interest or usury.
The proper recitation of the Quran is the subject of a separate discipline named tajwid which determines in detail how the Quran should be recited, how each individual syllable is to be pronounced, the need to pay attention to the places where there should be a pause, to elisions, where the pronunciation should be long or short, where letters ...
Furthermore, the codex of Ubayy ibn Ka'b additionally had Surah 39 begin with Ḥā Mīm, in line with the pattern seen in the next seven surahs. [5] Multiple letters are written together like a word, but each letter is pronounced separately. They are 78 in total, at the beginning of 29 surahs, occurring in 14 distinct combinations.