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Irenaeus (/ ɪ r ɪ ˈ n eɪ ə s / or / ˌ aɪ r ɪ ˈ n iː ə s /; Ancient Greek: Εἰρηναῖος, romanized: Eirēnaîos; c. 130 – c. 202 AD) [4] was a Greek bishop noted for his role in guiding and expanding Christian communities in the southern regions of present-day France and, more widely, for the development of Christian theology by combating heterodox or Gnostic ...
According to Irenaeus, this verse was used by the Gnostics to argue that "the handiwork of God is not saved." [19] Irenaeus also polemicized against Marcion of Sinope, who preached that the creator God of the Hebrew Bible and the Father of Jesus Christ were two different Gods. Irenaeus argues that the same God who sent Jesus to the Earth also ...
The Cambridge Companion to Jesus. Cambridge University Press (2001). ISBN 0-521-79678-4. Bourgel, Jonathan, From One Identity to Another: The Mother Church of Jerusalem Between the Two Jewish Revolts Against Rome (66-135/6 EC). Paris: Éditions du Cerf, collection Judaïsme ancien et Christianisme primitive, (French). ISBN 978-2-204-10068-7
Irenaeus believed the first stage is complete, but the second stage requires humans to develop and grow into the likeness of God, a stage which Irenaeus believed is still in progress. He believed that, in order to achieve moral perfection, humans must be given free choice, with the actual possibility of choosing to do evil. [ 14 ]
Irenaeus (2nd century – c. 202) Lawrence S. Cunningham, and separately, Kugel and Greer state that Irenaeus's statement in Against Heresies Chapter X 1–2 (written c. 180 AD) is the first recorded reference to the existence of a "Church" with a core set of shared beliefs as opposed to the ideas of dissident groups. [8] [9] Irenaeus states: [8]
Based on the arguments Irenaeus made in support of only four authentic gospels, some interpreters deduce that the fourfold Gospel must have still been a novelty in Irenaeus's time. [82] Against Heresies 3.11.7 acknowledges that many heterodox Christians use only one gospel while 3.11.9 acknowledges that some use more than four. [83]
The earliest reference to infant baptism was by Irenaeus (c. 130–202) in his work Against Heresies. [22] [23] Due to its reference to Eleutherus as the current bishop of Rome, the work is usually dated c. 180. [24] Irenaeus speaks of children being "born again to God."
The Epistula Apostolorum, a little-known 2nd-century text discovered in 1895, which is roughly contemporary (c. 160–170) with the above work of Irenaeus, was written polemically against the teachings of Cerinthus, beginning with an admonition to those who might follow the teachings of Simon and Cerinthus.