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Download QR code; Print/export ... A USB hub is a device that expands a single Universal Serial Bus ... The root hub is the first tier, and the last devices are on ...
For example, a USB 2 PCIe host controller card that presents 4 USB "Standard A" connectors typically presents one 4-port EHCI and two 2-port OHCI controllers to system software. When a high-speed USB device is attached to any of the 4 connectors, the device is managed through one of the 4 root hub ports of the EHCI controller.
The hub built into the host controller is called the root hub. A USB device may consist of several logical sub-devices that are referred to as device functions. A composite device may provide several functions, for example, a webcam (video device function) with a built-in microphone (audio device function).
Open Host Controller Interface (OHCI) [1] is an open standard.. Die shot of a VIA VT6307 Integrated Host Controller used for IEEE 1394A communication. When applied to an IEEE 1394 (also known as FireWire; i.LINK or Lynx) card, OHCI means that the card supports a standard interface to the PC and can be used by the OHCI IEEE 1394 drivers that come with all modern operating systems.
During USB communication, data is transmitted as packets. Initially, all packets are sent from the host via the root hub, and possibly more hubs, to devices. Some of those packets direct a device to send some packets in reply. After the sync field, all packets are made of 8-bit bytes, transmitted least-significant bit first. The first byte is a ...
lsusb [3] is a similar command for USB buses and devices. To make use of all the features of this program, a system needs to use Linux kernel which supports the /proc/bus/usb interface (e.g., Linux kernel 2.3.15 or newer). Example output on a Linux system:
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The Linux kernel has supported USB mass-storage devices since version 2.3.47 [3] (2001, backported to kernel 2.2.18 [4]).This support includes quirks and silicon/firmware bug workarounds as well as additional functionality for devices and controllers (vendor-enabled functions such as ATA command pass-through for ATA-USB bridges, used for S.M.A.R.T. or temperature monitoring, controlling the ...