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Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as "variation breeding", is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals, radiation, or enzymes [1] [2] in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars. Plants created using mutagenesis are sometimes called mutagenic plants or mutagenic seeds.
An image of multiple chromosomes, taken from many cells. Plant genetics is the study of genes, genetic variation, and heredity specifically in plants. [1] [2] It is generally considered a field of biology and botany, but intersects frequently with many other life sciences and is strongly linked with the study of information systems.
As these chromosomes diverge from their autosomal ancestor and from each other as a homologous pair, they have the potential to increase or decrease in size due to mutation and recombination. In the case of Silene , the pair of automsomal chromosomes are transformed into heteromorphic sex-determining chromosomes expressed as XY.
Random mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation. Mutations are likely to be rare, and most mutations are neutral or deleterious, but in some instances, the new alleles can be favored by natural selection. Polyploidy is an example of chromosomal mutation. Polyploidy is a condition wherein organisms have three or more sets of ...
ABC model of flower development guided by three groups of homeotic genes. The ABC model of flower development is a scientific model of the process by which flowering plants produce a pattern of gene expression in meristems that leads to the appearance of an organ oriented towards sexual reproduction, a flower.
Somaclonal variation is the variation seen in plants that have been produced by plant tissue culture. Chromosomal rearrangements are an important source of this variation. . The term somaclonal variation is a phenomenon of broad taxonomic occurrence, reported for species of different ploidy levels, and for outcrossing and inbreeding, vegetatively and seed propagated, and cultivated and non ...
No of chromosomes Organization Year of completion Assembly status Bretschneidera sinensis: Akaniaceae: endangered relic tree species 1.21 Gb 45,839 2022 [48] Sclerocarya birrea (Marula) Anacardiaceae: Used for food 18,397 2018 [49] [50] Begonia masoniana (Iron cross begonia) Begoniaceae: Flower 799.83 Mb 2022 [51] Begonia peltatifolia (Rex ...
These genes code for proteins that form the sex organs in flowers. [12] Plant sex chromosomes are most common in bryophytes, relatively common in vascular plants and unknown in ferns and lycophytes. [13] The diversity of plants is reflected in their sex-determination systems, which include XY and UV systems as well as many variants. Sex ...