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MEF2, Myocyte Enhancer Factor 2, is a transcription factor with four specific numbers such as MEF2A, B, C, and D. Each MEF2 gene is located on a specific chromosome. MEF2 is known to be involved in the development and the looping of the heart (Chen) MEF2 is necessary for myocyte differentiation and gene activation (Black).
In genetics, an enhancer is a short (50–1500 bp) region of DNA that can be bound by proteins to increase the likelihood that transcription of a particular gene will occur. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] These proteins are usually referred to as transcription factors .
For example, researchers have found a translocation between chromosomes 8 and 22 (in the region containing the p300 gene) in several people with a cancer of blood cells called acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Another translocation, involving chromosomes 11 and 22, has been found in a small number of people who have undergone cancer treatment.
A super-enhancer, illustrated in the lower panel of the Figure, is a region of the mammalian genome comprising multiple typical enhancers that is collectively bound by an array of transcription factor proteins to drive transcription of genes involved in cell identity, [3] [4] [5] or of genes involved in cancer. [6]
This region is known as the enhancer region. Studies have suggested that thyroid hormone (T3) controls Sox2 expression via the enhancer region. The expression of TRα1 (thyroid hormone receptor) is increased in proliferating and migrating neural stem cells.
The best known example of the enhanceosome acts on the human interferon-beta gene, which is upregulated in cells that are infected by viruses. [5] Three activator proteins— NF-κB , an interferon activator protein such as IRF-3 , and the ATF -2/c-Jun complex—cooperatively bind to the upstream enhancer region upon viral infection.
MyoD, also known as myoblast determination protein 1, [5] is a protein in animals that plays a major role in regulating muscle differentiation.MyoD, which was discovered in the laboratory of Harold M. Weintraub, [6] belongs to a family of proteins known as myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). [7]
2296 17300 Ensembl ENSG00000054598 ENSMUSG00000050295 UniProt Q12948 Q61572 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001453 NM_008592 RefSeq (protein) NP_001444 NP_032618 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 1.61 – 1.61 Mb Chr 13: 31.99 – 32 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Forkhead box C1, also known as FOXC1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the FOXC1 gene. Function This gene belongs to the ...