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The presence of lymphocytic pleocytosis is generally detected through a lumbar puncture followed by clinical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid. When combined with analysis of the appearance and pressure of the tested CSF, along with measurements for the amount of glucose and proteins present, white blood cell counts can be used to detect or ...
Follow-up blood tests are generally performed at 3, 6, 12, 24, and 36 months to make sure the infection is gone. [1] Lumbar punctures for CSF fluid analysis are generally performed every 6 months until cell counts normalize. All patients with syphilis should be tested for HIV infection. [15]
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found within the tissue that surrounds the brain and spinal cord of all vertebrates. CSF is produced by specialised ependymal cells in the choroid plexus of the ventricles of the brain, and absorbed in the arachnoid granulations. In humans, there is about 125 mL of CSF at any one time ...
Investigations include blood tests (electrolytes, liver and kidney function, inflammatory markers and a complete blood count) and usually X-ray examination of the chest. The most important test in identifying or ruling out meningitis is analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid (fluid that envelops the brain and the spinal cord) through lumbar ...
This fluid, which normally surrounds the brain and spinal cord, is then analyzed for signs of infection. [22] CSF findings that suggest a viral cause of meningitis include an elevated white blood cell count (usually 10-100 cells/μL) with a lymphocytic predominance in combination with a normal glucose level. [23]
It may also be used to detect the presence of malignant cells in the CSF, as in carcinomatous meningitis or medulloblastoma. CSF containing less than 10 red blood cells (RBCs)/mm 3 constitutes a "negative" tap in the context of a workup for subarachnoid hemorrhage, for example. Taps that are "positive" have an RBC count of 100/mm 3 or more. [9]
Oligoclonal bands (OCBs) are bands of immunoglobulins that are seen when a patient's blood serum, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is analyzed. They are used in the diagnosis of various neurological and blood diseases. Oligoclonal bands are present in the CSF of more than 95% of patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis. [1]
Reference ranges for other CSF constituents Substance Lower limit Upper limit Unit Corresponds to % of that in blood plasma; RBCs: n/a [2] 0 [2] / negative: cells/μL or cells/mm 3: WBCs: 0 [2] 3 [2] cells/μL cells/mm 3: pH: 7.28 [1] 7.32 [1] (-log M) PCO 2: 44 [1] 50 [1] mmHg 5.9 [7] 6.7 [7] kPa: PO 2: 40 [1] 44 [1] mmHg 5.3 [7] 5.9 [7] kPa