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  2. Half-life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-life

    In this situation it is generally uncommon to talk about half-life in the first place, but sometimes people will describe the decay in terms of its "first half-life", "second half-life", etc., where the first half-life is defined as the time required for decay from the initial value to 50%, the second half-life is from 50% to 25%, and so on.

  3. Biological half-life - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_half-life

    In clinical practice, this means that it takes 4 to 5 times the half-life for a drug's serum concentration to reach steady state after regular dosing is started, stopped, or the dose changed. So, for example, digoxin has a half-life (or t ⁠ 1 / 2 ⁠ ) of 24–36 h; this means that a change in the dose will take the best part of a week to ...

  4. Geiger–Nuttall law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger–Nuttall_law

    In practice, this means that alpha particles from all alpha-emitting isotopes across many orders of magnitude of difference in half-life, all nevertheless have about the same decay energy. Formulated in 1911 by Hans Geiger and John Mitchell Nuttall as a relation between the decay constant and the range of alpha particles in air, [ 1 ] in its ...

  5. Exponential decay - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_decay

    The biological half-lives "alpha half-life" and "beta half-life" of a substance measure how quickly a substance is distributed and eliminated. Physical optics: The intensity of electromagnetic radiation such as light or X-rays or gamma rays in an absorbent medium, follows an exponential decrease with distance into the absorbing medium.

  6. Branching fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branching_fraction

    Here the problem with the term partial half-life is evident: after (341+6.60) days almost all the nuclei will have decayed, not only half as one may initially think. Isotopes with significant branching of decay modes include copper-64 , arsenic-74 , rhodium-102 , indium-112 , iodine-126 and holmium-164 .

  7. List of equations in nuclear and particle physics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in...

    Half-life of a radioisotope: ... (physical chemistry) List of electromagnetism equations; ... 3000 Solved Problems in Physics, Schaum Series. Mc Graw Hill.

  8. Absorption rate constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_rate_constant

    The absorption rate constant K a is a value used in pharmacokinetics to describe the rate at which a drug enters into the system. It is expressed in units of time −1. [1] The K a is related to the absorption half-life (t 1/2a) per the following equation: K a = ln(2) / t 1/2a.

  9. Clearance (pharmacology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clearance_(pharmacology)

    The above equation makes clear the relationship between mass removal and clearance. It states that (with a constant mass generation) the concentration and clearance vary inversely with one another. If applied to creatinine (i.e. creatinine clearance ), it follows from the equation that if the serum creatinine doubles the clearance halves and ...

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