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Watershed delineation is the process of identifying the boundary of a watershed, also referred to as a catchment, drainage basin, or river basin.It is an important step in many areas of environmental science, engineering, and management, for example to study flooding, aquatic habitat, or water pollution.
A watershed or drainage basin. A runoff models or rainfall-runoff model describes how rainfall is converted into runoff in a drainage basin (catchment area or watershed). More precisely, it produces a surface runoff hydrograph in response to a rainfall event, represented by and input as a hyetograph.
Drainage basin of the Ohio River, part of the Mississippi River drainage basin. In hydrology, the drainage basin is a logical unit of focus [clarification needed] for studying the movement of water within the hydrological cycle. The process of finding a drainage boundary is referred to as watershed delineation. Finding the area and extent of a ...
Catchment hydrology is the study of hydrology in drainage basins. Catchments are areas of land where runoff collects to a specific zone. This movement is caused by water moving from areas of high energy to low energy due to the influence of gravity .
[6] [7] The land area producing runoff that drains to a common point is called a drainage basin. Runoff that occurs on the ground surface before reaching a channel can be a nonpoint source of pollution, as it can carry human-made contaminants or natural forms of pollution (such as rotting leaves).
Diagram showing the Strahler stream order In mathematics , the Strahler number or Horton–Strahler number of a mathematical tree is a numerical measure of its branching complexity. These numbers were first developed in hydrology , as a way of measuring the complexity of rivers and streams, by Robert E. Horton ( 1945 ) and Arthur Newell ...
The name refers metaphorically to a geological watershed, or drainage divide, which separates adjacent drainage basins. The watershed transformation treats the image it operates upon like a topographic map , with the brightness of each point representing its height, and finds the lines that run along the tops of ridges.
Priorslee Lake in Shropshire, England. Originally known locally as the Balancing Lake, it was created to manage water run-off from the roofs and streets of Priorslee.. A balancing lake (also flood basin or Sustainable urban drainage scheme) is a term used in the U.K. describing a retention basin used to control flooding by temporarily storing flood waters. [1]: