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Lapis lazuli is found in limestone in the Kokcha River valley of Badakhshan province in north-eastern Afghanistan, where the Sar-i Sang mine deposits have been worked for more than 6,000 years. [20] Afghanistan was the source of lapis for the ancient Persian, Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilizations, as well as the later Greeks and Romans.
Azure spar, sometimes azur-spar (German: Lazur spath, Blau spath) is a trivial and commercial, partly obsolete name for several of the most famous bright blue or blue-colored minerals, which also have similar names, most notably for lazurite and azurite, [1]: 14 and also for the less commonly used lazulite.
In the royal cemetery lapis lazuli is found as jewelry, plaques and amulets, and as inlays in gaming boards, musical instruments, and ostrich-egg vessels as well as parts of larger sculptural groups such as the "Ram in a Thicket" and as the beard of a bull attached to a lyre. Some of the larger objects include a spouted cup, a dagger-hilt, and ...
Lapis lazuli (the pigment ultramarine) was chiefly supplied from Afghanistan during the Middle Ages, whereas azurite was a common mineral in Europe at the time. Sizable deposits were found near Lyons, France. It was mined since the 12th century in Saxony, in the silver mines located there. [17]
The Neo-Sumerian ruler Gudea (c. 2100 BCE), in his Gudea cylinders (cylinder B XIV), mentioned his procurement of "blocks of lapis lazuli and bright carnelian from Meluhha." [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Meluhha is generally identified with the Indus region, and there are no known mentions of Meluhha after 1760 BCE. [ 18 ]
This article says that the Egyptians obtained lapis lazuli via trade with “Aryans.” “Aryans“ is a racially-charged term, as it tends to be treated as a synonym for ”Caucasians.” The term “Indo-European” is the generally preferred substitute for “Aryans,” as it is more widely (and correctly) understood as referring to a ...
In 1735, the French chemist Charles François de Cisternay du Fay determined that lapis lazuli, emerald, and aquamarine were luminescent. Josiah Wedgwood , in 1792, found phosphoresce from rubbing together two pieces of quartz or of agate , and wrote that the ruby gives "a beautiful red light of short continuance."
Ultramarine is a deep blue color pigment which was originally made by grinding lapis lazuli into a powder. [2] Its lengthy grinding and washing process makes the natural pigment quite valuable—roughly ten times more expensive than the stone it comes from and as expensive as gold.