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Tardive dyskinesia (TD) is an iatrogenic disorder that results in involuntary repetitive body movements, which may include grimacing, sticking out the tongue or smacking the lips, [1] which occurs following treatment with medication.
Physiotherapy has been shown to be effective in controlling hypertonia through the use of stretching aimed to reduce motor neuron excitability. [9] The aim of a physical therapy session could be to inhibit excessive tone as far as possible, give the patient a sensation of normal position and movement, and to facilitate normal movement patterns.
A variety of treatment strategies can be employed to address the unique needs of each individual. Potential treatment interventions include splinting, [ 32 ] therapeutic exercise, manual stretching , soft tissue and joint mobilization , postural training and bracing, [ 30 ] neuromuscular electrical stimulation , constraint-induced movement ...
Most cases are believed to occur in children and the elderly. [4] Males are more frequently affected than females. [3] [2] Outcomes are generally good if the MRI is normal but less so if problems are found. [2] The risk of death is low at about 2%. [2] It was first defined in 1982. [2]
Physical treatment options for cervical dystonia include biofeedback, mechanical braces as well as patients self-performing a geste antagoniste. Physical therapy also has an important role in managing spasmodic torticollis by providing stretching and strengthening exercises to aid the patient in keeping their head in proper alignment with their ...
Practice two sets for a total of 10 breaths. Benefiting from stretching: A stable, balanced approach. Stretching can be beneficial and has its place in any well-balanced fitness program that also ...
Neural Stretching of the legs - Lying on the back, bring one leg up with a stretching band until a stretch is felt in the legs. Ensure your legs are straight. Once the stretch is felt, hold for 30–45 seconds and relax. Hip-flexor stretch - To stretch the right hip-flexor, bring the left leg forward, and kneel on the right knee. Push the ...
This is because of inverse stretch reflex activation mediated by the Golgi tendon organ on sustained muscle stretching resulting in sudden relaxation of the muscle. [ 10 ] Another characteristic of spasticity, which may be referred to as "seatbelt effect" of spasticity, is different as the amount of resistance offered by the muscle is directly ...